javascript - How can I preserve lexical scope in TypeScript with a callback function

Question

I have a TypeScript class, with a function that I intend to use as a callback:

removeRow(_this:MyClass): void {
    ...
    // 'this' is now the window object
    // I must use '_this' to get the class itself
    ...
}

I pass it in to another function

this.deleteRow(this.removeRow);

which in turn calls a jQuery Ajax method, which if successful, invokes the callback like this:

deleteItem(removeRowCallback: (_this:MyClass) => void ): void {
    $.ajax(action, {
        data: { "id": id },
        type: "POST"
    })
    .done(() => {
        removeRowCallback(this);
    })
    .fail(() => {
        alert("There was an error!");
    });
}

The only way I can preserve the 'this' reference to my class is to pass it on to the callback, as demonstrated above. It works, but it's pants code. If I don't wire up the 'this' like this (sorry), then any reference to this in the callback method has reverted to the Window object. Because I'm using arrow functions all the way, I expected that the 'this' would be the class itself, as it is elsewhere in my class.

Anyone know how to pass callbacks around in TypeScript, preserving lexical scope?

Answer 1

Edit 2014-01-28:

New readers, make sure you check out Zac's answer below.

He has a much neater solution that will let you define and instantiate a scoped function in the class definition using the fat arrow syntax.

The only thing I will add is that, in regard to option 5 in Zac's answer, it's possible to specify the method signature and return type without any repetition using this syntax:

public myMethod = (prop1: number): string => {
    return 'asdf';
}

Edit 2013-05-28:

The syntax for defining a function property type has changed (since TypeScript version 0.8).

Previously you would define a function type like this:

class Test {
   removeRow: (): void;
}

This has now changed to:

class Test {
   removeRow: () => void;
}

I have updated my answer below to include this new change.

As a further aside: If you need to define multiple function signatures for the same function name (e.g. runtime function overloading) then you can use the object map notation (this is used extensively in the jQuery descriptor file):

class Test {
    removeRow: {
        (): void;
        (param: string): string;
    };
}

---

You need to define the signature for removeRow() as a property on your class but assign the implementation in the constructor.

There are a few different ways you can do this.

Option 1

class Test {

    // Define the method signature here.
    removeRow: () => void;

    constructor (){
        // Implement the method using the fat arrow syntax.
        this.removeRow = () => {
            // Perform your logic to remove the row.
            // Reference `this` as needed.
        }
    }

}

If you want to keep your constructor minimal then you can just keep the removeRow method in the class definition and just assign a proxy function in the constructor:

Option 2

class Test {

    // Again, define the method signature here.
    removeRowProxy: () => void;

    constructor (){
        // Assign the method implementation here.
        this.removeRowProxy = () => {
            this.removeRow.apply(this, arguments);
        }
    }

    removeRow(): void {
        // ... removeRow logic here.
    }

}

Option 3

And finally, if you're using a library like underscore or jQuery then you can just use their utility method to create the proxy:

class Test {

    // Define the method signature here.
    removeRowProxy: () => void;

    constructor (){
        // Use jQuery to bind removeRow to this instance.
        this.removeRowProxy = $.proxy(this.removeRow, this);
    }

    removeRow(): void {
        // ... removeRow logic here.
    }

}

---

Then you can tidy up your deleteItem method a bit:

// Specify `Function` as the callback type.
// NOTE: You can define a specific signature if needed.
deleteItem(removeRowCallback: Function ): void {
    $.ajax(action, {
        data: { "id": id },
        type: "POST"
    })

    // Pass the callback here.
    // 
    // You don't need the fat arrow syntax here
    // because the callback has already been bound
    // to the correct scope.
    .done(removeRowCallback)

    .fail(() => {
        alert("There was an error!");
    });
}