linux - UDP-Broadcast on all interfaces

Question

On a Linux system with a wired and a wireless interface (e.g. 192.168.1.x and 192.168.2.x subnets) I want to send a UDP broadcast that goes out via ALL available interfaces (i.e. both through the wired and the wireless interface).

Currently I sendto() to INADDR_BROADCAST, however it seems that the broadcast only is sent through one of the interfaces (not always the same and subsequent broadcasts may use the other interface).

Is there a way that I can send a UDP broadcast that goes out through every single interface?

Answer 1

First of all, you should consider broadcast obsolete, specially INADDR_BROADCAST (255.255.255.255). Your question highlights exactly one of the reasons that broadcast is unsuitable. It should die along with IPv4 (hopefully). Note that IPv6 doesn't even have a concept of broadcast (multicast is used, instead).

INADDR_BROADCAST is limited to the local link. Nowadays, it's only visible use is for DHCP auto-configuration, since at such time, the client will not know yet in what network it is connected to.

With a single sendto(), only a single packet is generated, and the outgoing interface is determined by the operating system's routing table (ip route on linux). You can't have a single sendto() generate more than one packet, you would have to iterate over all interfaces, and either use raw sockets or bind the socket to a device using setsockopt(..., SOL_SOCKET, SO_BINDTODEVICE, "ethX") to send each packet bypassing the OS routing table (this requires root privileges). Not a good solution.

Instead, since INADDR_BROADCAST is not routed anyway, you can achieve almost the same thing by iterating over each interface, and sending the packet to its broadcast address. For example, assuming that your networks have 255.255.255.0 (/24) masks, the broadcast addresses are 192.168.1.255 and 192.168.2.255. Call sendto() once for each of these addresses and you will have accomplished your goal.

---

Edit: fixed information regarding to INADDR_BROADCAST, and complementing the answer with information about SO_BINDTODEVICE.