performance - Fast modulo 3 or division algorithm?

Question

is there a fast algorithm, similar to power of 2, which can be used with 3, i.e. n%3. Perhaps something that uses the fact that if sum of digits is divisible by three, then the number is also divisible.

This leads to a next question. What is the fast way to add digits in a number? I.e. 37 -> 3 +7 -> 10 I am looking for something that does not have conditionals as those tend to inhibit vectorization

thanks

Answer 1

4 % 3 == 1, so (4^k * a + b) % 3 == (a + b) % 3. You can use this fact to evaluate x%3 for a 32-bit x:

x = (x >> 16) + (x & 0xffff);
x = (x >> 10) + (x & 0x3ff);
x = (x >> 6) + (x & 0x3f);
x = (x >> 4) + (x & 0xf);
x = (x >> 2) + (x & 0x3);
x = (x >> 2) + (x & 0x3);
x = (x >> 2) + (x & 0x3);
if (x == 3) x = 0;

(Untested - you might need a few more reductions.) Is this faster than your hardware can do x%3? If it is, it probably isn't by much.