// unscaledVMetric returns the unscaled vertical metrics for the glyph with
// the given index. yMax is the top of the glyph's bounding box.
func (f *Font) unscaledVMetric(i Index, yMax fixed.Int26_6) (v VMetric) {
	j := int(i)
	if j < 0 || f.nGlyph <= j {
		return VMetric{}
	}
	if 4*j+4 <= len(f.vmtx) {
		return VMetric{
			AdvanceHeight:  fixed.Int26_6(u16(f.vmtx, 4*j)),
			TopSideBearing: fixed.Int26_6(int16(u16(f.vmtx, 4*j+2))),
		}
	}
	// The OS/2 table has grown over time.
	// https://developer.apple.com/fonts/TTRefMan/RM06/Chap6OS2.html
	// says that it was originally 68 bytes. Optional fields, including
	// the ascender and descender, are described at
	// http://www.microsoft.com/typography/otspec/os2.htm
	if len(f.os2) >= 72 {
		sTypoAscender := fixed.Int26_6(int16(u16(f.os2, 68)))
		sTypoDescender := fixed.Int26_6(int16(u16(f.os2, 70)))
		return VMetric{
			AdvanceHeight:  sTypoAscender - sTypoDescender,
			TopSideBearing: sTypoAscender - yMax,
		}
	}
	return VMetric{
		AdvanceHeight:  fixed.Int26_6(f.fUnitsPerEm),
		TopSideBearing: 0,
	}
}

// pRot45CCW returns the vector p rotated counter-clockwise by 45 degrees.
//
// Note that the Y-axis grows downwards, so {1, 0}.Rot45CCW is {1/√2, -1/√2}.
func pRot45CCW(p fixed.Point26_6) fixed.Point26_6 {
	// 181/256 is approximately 1/√2, or sin(π/4).
	px, py := int64(p.X), int64(p.Y)
	qx := (+px + py) * 181 / 256
	qy := (-px + py) * 181 / 256
	return fixed.Point26_6{fixed.Int26_6(qx), fixed.Int26_6(qy)}
}

// GetStringBounds returns the approximate pixel bounds of the string s at x, y.
// The the left edge of the em square of the first character of s
// and the baseline intersect at 0, 0 in the returned coordinates.
// Therefore the top and left coordinates may well be negative.
func (gc *GraphicContext) GetStringBounds(s string) (left, top, right, bottom float64) {
	f, err := gc.loadCurrentFont()
	if err != nil {
		log.Println(err)
		return 0, 0, 0, 0
	}
	top, left, bottom, right = 10e6, 10e6, -10e6, -10e6
	cursor := 0.0
	prev, hasPrev := truetype.Index(0), false
	for _, rune := range s {
		index := f.Index(rune)
		if hasPrev {
			cursor += fUnitsToFloat64(f.Kern(fixed.Int26_6(gc.Current.Scale), prev, index))
		}
		if err := gc.glyphBuf.Load(gc.Current.Font, fixed.Int26_6(gc.Current.Scale), index, font.HintingNone); err != nil {
			log.Println(err)
			return 0, 0, 0, 0
		}
		e0 := 0
		for _, e1 := range gc.glyphBuf.Ends {
			ps := gc.glyphBuf.Points[e0:e1]
			for _, p := range ps {
				x, y := pointToF64Point(p)
				top = math.Min(top, y)
				bottom = math.Max(bottom, y)
				left = math.Min(left, x+cursor)
				right = math.Max(right, x+cursor)
			}
		}
		cursor += fUnitsToFloat64(f.HMetric(fixed.Int26_6(gc.Current.Scale), index).AdvanceWidth)
		prev, hasPrev = index, true
	}
	return left, top, right, bottom
}

// TestParse tests that the luxisr.ttf metrics and glyphs are parsed correctly.
// The numerical values can be manually verified by examining luxisr.ttx.
func TestParse(t *testing.T) {
	f, _, err := parseTestdataFont("luxisr")
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	if got, want := f.FUnitsPerEm(), int32(2048); got != want {
		t.Errorf("FUnitsPerEm: got %v, want %v", got, want)
	}
	fupe := fixed.Int26_6(f.FUnitsPerEm())
	if got, want := f.Bounds(fupe), mkBounds(-441, -432, 2024, 2033); got != want {
		t.Errorf("Bounds: got %v, want %v", got, want)
	}

	i0 := f.Index('A')
	i1 := f.Index('V')
	if i0 != 36 || i1 != 57 {
		t.Fatalf("Index: i0, i1 = %d, %d, want 36, 57", i0, i1)
	}
	if got, want := f.HMetric(fupe, i0), (HMetric{1366, 19}); got != want {
		t.Errorf("HMetric: got %v, want %v", got, want)
	}
	if got, want := f.VMetric(fupe, i0), (VMetric{2465, 553}); got != want {
		t.Errorf("VMetric: got %v, want %v", got, want)
	}
	if got, want := f.Kern(fupe, i0, i1), fixed.Int26_6(-144); got != want {
		t.Errorf("Kern: got %v, want %v", got, want)
	}

	g := &GlyphBuf{}
	err = g.Load(f, fupe, i0, font.HintingNone)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Load: %v", err)
	}
	g0 := &GlyphBuf{
		Bounds: g.Bounds,
		Points: g.Points,
		Ends:   g.Ends,
	}
	g1 := &GlyphBuf{
		Bounds: mkBounds(19, 0, 1342, 1480),
		Points: []Point{
			{19, 0, 51},
			{581, 1480, 1},
			{789, 1480, 51},
			{1342, 0, 1},
			{1116, 0, 35},
			{962, 410, 3},
			{368, 410, 33},
			{214, 0, 3},
			{428, 566, 19},
			{904, 566, 33},
			{667, 1200, 3},
		},
		Ends: []int{8, 11},
	}
	if got, want := fmt.Sprint(g0), fmt.Sprint(g1); got != want {
		t.Errorf("GlyphBuf:\ngot  %v\nwant %v", got, want)
	}
}

// scale returns x divided by f.fUnitsPerEm, rounded to the nearest integer.
func (f *Font) scale(x fixed.Int26_6) fixed.Int26_6 {
	if x >= 0 {
		x += fixed.Int26_6(f.fUnitsPerEm) / 2
	} else {
		x -= fixed.Int26_6(f.fUnitsPerEm) / 2
	}
	return x / fixed.Int26_6(f.fUnitsPerEm)
}

// pNorm returns the vector p normalized to the given length, or zero if p is
// degenerate.
func pNorm(p fixed.Point26_6, length fixed.Int26_6) fixed.Point26_6 {
	d := pLen(p)
	if d == 0 {
		return fixed.Point26_6{}
	}
	s, t := int64(length), int64(d)
	x := int64(p.X) * s / t
	y := int64(p.Y) * s / t
	return fixed.Point26_6{fixed.Int26_6(x), fixed.Int26_6(y)}
}

// NewFace returns a new font.Face for the given Font.
func NewFace(f *Font, opts *Options) font.Face {
	a := &face{
		f:          f,
		hinting:    opts.hinting(),
		scale:      fixed.Int26_6(0.5 + (opts.size() * opts.dpi() * 64 / 72)),
		glyphCache: make([]glyphCacheEntry, opts.glyphCacheEntries()),
	}
	a.subPixelX, a.subPixelBiasX, a.subPixelMaskX = opts.subPixelsX()
	a.subPixelY, a.subPixelBiasY, a.subPixelMaskY = opts.subPixelsY()

	// Fill the cache with invalid entries. Valid glyph cache entries have fx
	// and fy in the range [0, 64). Valid index cache entries have rune >= 0.
	for i := range a.glyphCache {
		a.glyphCache[i].key.fy = 0xff
	}
	for i := range a.indexCache {
		a.indexCache[i].rune = -1
	}

	// Set the rasterizer's bounds to be big enough to handle the largest glyph.
	b := f.Bounds(a.scale)
	xmin := +int(b.Min.X) >> 6
	ymin := -int(b.Max.Y) >> 6
	xmax := +int(b.Max.X+63) >> 6
	ymax := -int(b.Min.Y-63) >> 6
	a.maxw = xmax - xmin
	a.maxh = ymax - ymin
	a.masks = image.NewAlpha(image.Rect(0, 0, a.maxw, a.maxh*len(a.glyphCache)))
	a.r.SetBounds(a.maxw, a.maxh)
	a.p = facePainter{a}

	return a
}

func (f *subface) GlyphAdvance(r rune) (advance fixed.Int26_6, ok bool) {
	r -= f.firstRune
	if r < 0 || f.n <= int(r) {
		return 0, false
	}
	return fixed.Int26_6(f.fontchars[r].width) << 6, true
}

// dotProduct returns the dot product of [x, y] and q. It is almost the same as
//	px := int64(x)
//	py := int64(y)
//	qx := int64(q[0])
//	qy := int64(q[1])
//	return fixed.Int26_6((px*qx + py*qy + 1<<13) >> 14)
// except that the computation is done with 32-bit integers to produce exactly
// the same rounding behavior as C Freetype.
func dotProduct(x, y fixed.Int26_6, q [2]f2dot14) fixed.Int26_6 {
	// Compute x*q[0] as 64-bit value.
	l := uint32((int32(x) & 0xFFFF) * int32(q[0]))
	m := (int32(x) >> 16) * int32(q[0])

	lo1 := l + (uint32(m) << 16)
	hi1 := (m >> 16) + (int32(l) >> 31) + bool2int32(lo1 < l)

	// Compute y*q[1] as 64-bit value.
	l = uint32((int32(y) & 0xFFFF) * int32(q[1]))
	m = (int32(y) >> 16) * int32(q[1])

	lo2 := l + (uint32(m) << 16)
	hi2 := (m >> 16) + (int32(l) >> 31) + bool2int32(lo2 < l)

	// Add them.
	lo := lo1 + lo2
	hi := hi1 + hi2 + bool2int32(lo < lo1)

	// Divide the result by 2^14 with rounding.
	s := hi >> 31
	l = lo + uint32(s)
	hi += s + bool2int32(l < lo)
	lo = l

	l = lo + 0x2000
	hi += bool2int32(l < lo)

	return fixed.Int26_6((uint32(hi) << 18) | (l >> 14))
}

// unscaledHMetric returns the unscaled horizontal metrics for the glyph with
// the given index.
func (f *Font) unscaledHMetric(i Index) (h HMetric) {
	j := int(i)
	if j < 0 || f.nGlyph <= j {
		return HMetric{}
	}
	if j >= f.nHMetric {
		p := 4 * (f.nHMetric - 1)
		return HMetric{
			AdvanceWidth:    fixed.Int26_6(u16(f.hmtx, p)),
			LeftSideBearing: fixed.Int26_6(int16(u16(f.hmtx, p+2*(j-f.nHMetric)+4))),
		}
	}
	return HMetric{
		AdvanceWidth:    fixed.Int26_6(u16(f.hmtx, 4*j)),
		LeftSideBearing: fixed.Int26_6(int16(u16(f.hmtx, 4*j+2))),
	}
}

// Add2 adds a quadratic segment to the current curve.
func (r *Rasterizer) Add2(b, c fixed.Point26_6) {
	// Calculate nSplit (the number of recursive decompositions) based on how
	// 'curvy' it is. Specifically, how much the middle point b deviates from
	// (a+c)/2.
	dev := maxAbs(r.a.X-2*b.X+c.X, r.a.Y-2*b.Y+c.Y) / fixed.Int26_6(r.splitScale2)
	nsplit := 0
	for dev > 0 {
		dev /= 4
		nsplit++
	}
	// dev is 32-bit, and nsplit++ every time we shift off 2 bits, so maxNsplit
	// is 16.
	const maxNsplit = 16
	if nsplit > maxNsplit {
		panic("freetype/raster: Add2 nsplit too large: " + strconv.Itoa(nsplit))
	}
	// Recursively decompose the curve nSplit levels deep.
	var (
		pStack [2*maxNsplit + 3]fixed.Point26_6
		sStack [maxNsplit + 1]int
		i      int
	)
	sStack[0] = nsplit
	pStack[0] = c
	pStack[1] = b
	pStack[2] = r.a
	for i >= 0 {
		s := sStack[i]
		p := pStack[2*i:]
		if s > 0 {
			// Split the quadratic curve p[:3] into an equivalent set of two
			// shorter curves: p[:3] and p[2:5]. The new p[4] is the old p[2],
			// and p[0] is unchanged.
			mx := p[1].X
			p[4].X = p[2].X
			p[3].X = (p[4].X + mx) / 2
			p[1].X = (p[0].X + mx) / 2
			p[2].X = (p[1].X + p[3].X) / 2
			my := p[1].Y
			p[4].Y = p[2].Y
			p[3].Y = (p[4].Y + my) / 2
			p[1].Y = (p[0].Y + my) / 2
			p[2].Y = (p[1].Y + p[3].Y) / 2
			// The two shorter curves have one less split to do.
			sStack[i] = s - 1
			sStack[i+1] = s - 1
			i++
		} else {
			// Replace the level-0 quadratic with a two-linear-piece
			// approximation.
			midx := (p[0].X + 2*p[1].X + p[2].X) / 4
			midy := (p[0].Y + 2*p[1].Y + p[2].Y) / 4
			r.Add1(fixed.Point26_6{midx, midy})
			r.Add1(p[0])
			i--
		}
	}
}

// Extents returns the FontExtents for a font.
// TODO needs to read this https://developer.apple.com/fonts/TrueType-Reference-Manual/RM02/Chap2.html#intro
func Extents(font *truetype.Font, size float64) FontExtents {
	bounds := font.Bounds(fixed.Int26_6(font.FUnitsPerEm()))
	scale := size / float64(font.FUnitsPerEm())
	return FontExtents{
		Ascent:  float64(bounds.Max.Y) * scale,
		Descent: float64(bounds.Min.Y) * scale,
		Height:  float64(bounds.Max.Y-bounds.Min.Y) * scale,
	}
}

func (f *Font) parseHead() error {
	if len(f.head) != 54 {
		return FormatError(fmt.Sprintf("bad head length: %d", len(f.head)))
	}
	f.fUnitsPerEm = int32(u16(f.head, 18))
	f.bounds.Min.X = fixed.Int26_6(int16(u16(f.head, 36)))
	f.bounds.Min.Y = fixed.Int26_6(int16(u16(f.head, 38)))
	f.bounds.Max.X = fixed.Int26_6(int16(u16(f.head, 40)))
	f.bounds.Max.Y = fixed.Int26_6(int16(u16(f.head, 42)))
	switch i := u16(f.head, 50); i {
	case 0:
		f.locaOffsetFormat = locaOffsetFormatShort
	case 1:
		f.locaOffsetFormat = locaOffsetFormatLong
	default:
		return FormatError(fmt.Sprintf("bad indexToLocFormat: %d", i))
	}
	return nil
}

func (gc *GraphicContext) drawGlyph(glyph truetype.Index, dx, dy float64) error {
	if err := gc.glyphBuf.Load(gc.Current.Font, fixed.Int26_6(gc.Current.Scale), glyph, font.HintingNone); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	e0 := 0
	for _, e1 := range gc.glyphBuf.Ends {
		DrawContour(gc, gc.glyphBuf.Points[e0:e1], dx, dy)
		e0 = e1
	}
	return nil
}

// CreateStringPath creates a path from the string s at x, y, and returns the string width.
// The text is placed so that the left edge of the em square of the first character of s
// and the baseline intersect at x, y. The majority of the affected pixels will be
// above and to the right of the point, but some may be below or to the left.
// For example, drawing a string that starts with a 'J' in an italic font may
// affect pixels below and left of the point.
func (gc *GraphicContext) CreateStringPath(s string, x, y float64) float64 {
	f, err := gc.loadCurrentFont()
	if err != nil {
		log.Println(err)
		return 0.0
	}
	startx := x
	prev, hasPrev := truetype.Index(0), false
	for _, rune := range s {
		index := f.Index(rune)
		if hasPrev {
			x += fUnitsToFloat64(f.Kern(fixed.Int26_6(gc.Current.Scale), prev, index))
		}
		err := gc.drawGlyph(index, x, y)
		if err != nil {
			log.Println(err)
			return startx - x
		}
		x += fUnitsToFloat64(f.HMetric(fixed.Int26_6(gc.Current.Scale), index).AdvanceWidth)
		prev, hasPrev = index, true
	}
	return x - startx
}

func (h *hinter) move(p *Point, distance fixed.Int26_6, touch bool) {
	fvx := int64(h.gs.fv[0])
	pvx := int64(h.gs.pv[0])
	if fvx == 0x4000 && pvx == 0x4000 {
		p.X += fixed.Int26_6(distance)
		if touch {
			p.Flags |= flagTouchedX
		}
		return
	}

	fvy := int64(h.gs.fv[1])
	pvy := int64(h.gs.pv[1])
	if fvy == 0x4000 && pvy == 0x4000 {
		p.Y += fixed.Int26_6(distance)
		if touch {
			p.Flags |= flagTouchedY
		}
		return
	}

	fvDotPv := (fvx*pvx + fvy*pvy) >> 14

	if fvx != 0 {
		p.X += fixed.Int26_6(mulDiv(fvx, int64(distance), fvDotPv))
		if touch {
			p.Flags |= flagTouchedX
		}
	}

	if fvy != 0 {
		p.Y += fixed.Int26_6(mulDiv(fvy, int64(distance), fvDotPv))
		if touch {
			p.Flags |= flagTouchedY
		}
	}
}

// rasterize returns the advance width, integer-pixel offset to render at, and
// the width and height of the given glyph at the given sub-pixel offsets.
//
// The 26.6 fixed point arguments fx and fy must be in the range [0, 1).
func (a *face) rasterize(index Index, fx, fy fixed.Int26_6) (v glyphCacheVal, ok bool) {
	if err := a.glyphBuf.Load(a.f, a.scale, index, a.hinting); err != nil {
		return glyphCacheVal{}, false
	}
	// Calculate the integer-pixel bounds for the glyph.
	xmin := int(fx+a.glyphBuf.Bounds.Min.X) >> 6
	ymin := int(fy-a.glyphBuf.Bounds.Max.Y) >> 6
	xmax := int(fx+a.glyphBuf.Bounds.Max.X+0x3f) >> 6
	ymax := int(fy-a.glyphBuf.Bounds.Min.Y+0x3f) >> 6
	if xmin > xmax || ymin > ymax {
		return glyphCacheVal{}, false
	}
	// A TrueType's glyph's nodes can have negative co-ordinates, but the
	// rasterizer clips anything left of x=0 or above y=0. xmin and ymin are
	// the pixel offsets, based on the font's FUnit metrics, that let a
	// negative co-ordinate in TrueType space be non-negative in rasterizer
	// space. xmin and ymin are typically <= 0.
	fx -= fixed.Int26_6(xmin << 6)
	fy -= fixed.Int26_6(ymin << 6)
	// Rasterize the glyph's vectors.
	a.r.Clear()
	pixOffset := a.paintOffset * a.maxw
	clear(a.masks.Pix[pixOffset : pixOffset+a.maxw*a.maxh])
	e0 := 0
	for _, e1 := range a.glyphBuf.Ends {
		a.drawContour(a.glyphBuf.Points[e0:e1], fx, fy)
		e0 = e1
	}
	a.r.Rasterize(a.p)
	return glyphCacheVal{
		a.glyphBuf.AdvanceWidth,
		image.Point{xmin, ymin},
		xmax - xmin,
		ymax - ymin,
	}, true
}

func (h *hinter) initializeScaledCVT() {
	h.scaledCVTInitialized = true
	if n := len(h.font.cvt) / 2; n <= cap(h.scaledCVT) {
		h.scaledCVT = h.scaledCVT[:n]
	} else {
		if n < 32 {
			n = 32
		}
		h.scaledCVT = make([]fixed.Int26_6, len(h.font.cvt)/2, n)
	}
	for i := range h.scaledCVT {
		unscaled := uint16(h.font.cvt[2*i])<<8 | uint16(h.font.cvt[2*i+1])
		h.scaledCVT[i] = h.font.scale(h.scale * fixed.Int26_6(int16(unscaled)))
	}
}

func (f *subface) GlyphBounds(r rune) (bounds fixed.Rectangle26_6, advance fixed.Int26_6, ok bool) {
	r -= f.firstRune
	if r < 0 || f.n <= int(r) {
		return fixed.Rectangle26_6{}, 0, false
	}
	i := &f.fontchars[r+0]
	j := &f.fontchars[r+1]

	bounds = fixed.R(
		int(i.left),
		int(i.top)-f.ascent,
		int(i.left)+int(j.x-i.x),
		int(i.bottom)-f.ascent,
	)
	return bounds, fixed.Int26_6(i.width) << 6, true
}

// Kern returns the horizontal adjustment for the given glyph pair. A positive
// kern means to move the glyphs further apart.
func (f *Font) Kern(scale fixed.Int26_6, i0, i1 Index) fixed.Int26_6 {
	if f.nKern == 0 {
		return 0
	}
	g := uint32(i0)<<16 | uint32(i1)
	lo, hi := 0, f.nKern
	for lo < hi {
		i := (lo + hi) / 2
		ig := u32(f.kern, 18+6*i)
		if ig < g {
			lo = i + 1
		} else if ig > g {
			hi = i
		} else {
			return f.scale(scale * fixed.Int26_6(int16(u16(f.kern, 22+6*i))))
		}
	}
	return 0
}