def remove_app(cls, options):
    """Instructs AppScale to no longer host the named application.

    Args:
      options: A Namespace that has fields for each parameter that can be
        passed in via the command-line interface.
    """
    if not options.confirm:
      response = raw_input("Are you sure you want to remove this " + \
        "application? (Y/N) ")
      if response not in ['y', 'yes', 'Y', 'YES']:
        raise AppScaleException("Cancelled application removal.")

    login_host = LocalState.get_login_host(options.keyname)
    acc = AppControllerClient(login_host, LocalState.get_secret_key(
      options.keyname))
    userappserver_host = acc.get_uaserver_host(options.verbose)
    userappclient = UserAppClient(userappserver_host, LocalState.get_secret_key(
      options.keyname))
    if not userappclient.does_app_exist(options.appname):
      raise AppScaleException("The given application is not currently running.")

    acc.stop_app(options.appname)
    AppScaleLogger.log("Please wait for your app to shut down.")
    while True:
      if acc.is_app_running(options.appname):
        time.sleep(cls.SLEEP_TIME)
      else:
        break
    AppScaleLogger.success("Done shutting down {0}".format(options.appname))

  def create_user_accounts(cls, email, password, uaserver_host, keyname):
    """Registers two new user accounts with the UserAppServer.

    One account is the standard account that users log in with (via their
    e-mail address. The other is their XMPP account, so that they can log into
    any jabber-compatible service and send XMPP messages to their application
    (and receive them).

    Args:
      email: The e-mail address that should be registered for the user's
        standard account.
      password: The password that should be used for both the standard and XMPP
        accounts.
      uaserver_host: The location of a UserAppClient, that can create new user
        accounts.
      keyname: The name of the SSH keypair used for this AppScale deployment.
    """
    uaserver = UserAppClient(uaserver_host, LocalState.get_secret_key(keyname))

    # first, create the standard account
    encrypted_pass = LocalState.encrypt_password(email, password)
    uaserver.create_user(email, encrypted_pass)

    # next, create the XMPP account. if the user's e-mail is [email protected], then that
    # means their XMPP account name is [email protected]_ip
    username_regex = re.compile('\A(.*)@')
    username = username_regex.match(email).groups()[0]
    xmpp_user = "{0}@{1}".format(username, LocalState.get_login_host(keyname))
    xmpp_pass = LocalState.encrypt_password(xmpp_user, password)
    uaserver.create_user(xmpp_user, xmpp_pass)
    AppScaleLogger.log("Your XMPP username is {0}".format(xmpp_user))

    def reset_password(cls, options):
        """Resets a user's password the currently running AppScale deployment.

    Args:
      options: A Namespace that has fields for each parameter that can be
        passed in via the command-line interface.
    """
        secret = LocalState.get_secret_key(options.keyname)
        username, password = LocalState.get_credentials(is_admin=False)
        encrypted_password = LocalState.encrypt_password(username, password)

        uac = UserAppClient(LocalState.get_login_host(options.keyname), secret)

        try:
            uac.change_password(username, encrypted_password)
            AppScaleLogger.success("The password was successfully changed for the " "given user.")
        except Exception as exception:
            AppScaleLogger.warn(
                "Could not change the user's password for the " + "following reason: {0}".format(str(exception))
            )
            sys.exit(1)

  def upload_app(cls, options):
    """Uploads the given App Engine application into AppScale.

    Args:
      options: A Namespace that has fields for each parameter that can be
        passed in via the command-line interface.
    """
    if cls.TAR_GZ_REGEX.search(options.file):
      file_location = LocalState.extract_app_to_dir(options.file,
        options.verbose)
      created_dir = True
    else:
      file_location = options.file
      created_dir = False

    app_id = AppEngineHelper.get_app_id_from_app_config(file_location)
    app_language = AppEngineHelper.get_app_runtime_from_app_config(
      file_location)
    AppEngineHelper.validate_app_id(app_id)

    acc = AppControllerClient(LocalState.get_login_host(options.keyname),
      LocalState.get_secret_key(options.keyname))
    userappserver_host = acc.get_uaserver_host(options.verbose)
    userappclient = UserAppClient(userappserver_host, LocalState.get_secret_key(
      options.keyname))

    if options.test:
      username = LocalState.DEFAULT_USER
    elif options.email:
      username = options.email
    else:
      username = LocalState.get_username_from_stdin(is_admin=False)

    if not userappclient.does_user_exist(username):
      password = LocalState.get_password_from_stdin()
      RemoteHelper.create_user_accounts(username, password, userappserver_host,
        options.keyname)

    if userappclient.does_app_exist(app_id):
      raise AppScaleException("The given application is already running in " + \
        "AppScale. Please choose a different application ID or use " + \
        "appscale-remove-app to take down the existing application.")

    app_admin = userappclient.get_app_admin(app_id)
    if app_admin is not None and username != app_admin:
      raise AppScaleException("The given user doesn't own this application" + \
        ", so they can't upload an app with that application ID. Please " + \
        "change the application ID and try again.")

    AppScaleLogger.log("Uploading {0}".format(app_id))
    userappclient.reserve_app_id(username, app_id, app_language)

    remote_file_path = RemoteHelper.copy_app_to_host(file_location,
      options.keyname, options.verbose)
    acc.done_uploading(app_id, remote_file_path)
    acc.update([app_id])

    # now that we've told the AppController to start our app, find out what port
    # the app is running on and wait for it to start serving
    AppScaleLogger.log("Please wait for your app to start serving.")
    serving_host, serving_port = userappclient.get_serving_info(app_id,
      options.keyname)
    RemoteHelper.sleep_until_port_is_open(serving_host, serving_port,
      options.verbose)
    AppScaleLogger.success("Your app can be reached at the following URL: " +
      "http://{0}:{1}".format(serving_host, serving_port))

    if created_dir:
      shutil.rmtree(file_location)

  def run_instances(cls, options):
    """Starts a new AppScale deployment with the parameters given.

    Args:
      options: A Namespace that has fields for each parameter that can be
        passed in via the command-line interface.
    Raises:
      BadConfigurationException: If the user passes in options that are not
        sufficient to start an AppScale deplyoment (e.g., running on EC2 but
        not specifying the AMI to use), or if the user provides us
        contradictory options (e.g., running on EC2 but not specifying EC2
        credentials).
    """
    LocalState.make_appscale_directory()
    LocalState.ensure_appscale_isnt_running(options.keyname, options.force)

    if options.infrastructure:
      AppScaleLogger.log("Starting AppScale " + APPSCALE_VERSION +
        " over the " + options.infrastructure + " cloud.")
    else:
      AppScaleLogger.log("Starting AppScale " + APPSCALE_VERSION +
        " over a virtualized cluster.")
    my_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
    AppScaleLogger.remote_log_tools_state(options, my_id, "started",
      APPSCALE_VERSION)

    node_layout = NodeLayout(options)
    if not node_layout.is_valid():
      raise BadConfigurationException("There were errors with your " + \
        "placement strategy:\n{0}".format(str(node_layout.errors())))

    if not node_layout.is_supported():
      AppScaleLogger.warn("Warning: This deployment strategy is not " + \
        "officially supported.")

    public_ip, instance_id = RemoteHelper.start_head_node(options, my_id,
      node_layout)
    AppScaleLogger.log("\nPlease wait for AppScale to prepare your machines " +
      "for use.")

    # Write our metadata as soon as possible to let users SSH into those
    # machines via 'appscale ssh'
    LocalState.update_local_metadata(options, node_layout, public_ip,
      instance_id)
    RemoteHelper.copy_local_metadata(public_ip, options.keyname,
      options.verbose)

    acc = AppControllerClient(public_ip, LocalState.get_secret_key(
      options.keyname))
    uaserver_host = acc.get_uaserver_host(options.verbose)

    RemoteHelper.sleep_until_port_is_open(uaserver_host, UserAppClient.PORT,
      options.verbose)

    # Update our metadata again so that users can SSH into other boxes that
    # may have been started.
    LocalState.update_local_metadata(options, node_layout, public_ip,
      instance_id)
    RemoteHelper.copy_local_metadata(public_ip, options.keyname,
      options.verbose)

    AppScaleLogger.log("UserAppServer is at {0}".format(uaserver_host))

    uaserver_client = UserAppClient(uaserver_host,
      LocalState.get_secret_key(options.keyname))

    if options.admin_user and options.admin_pass:
      AppScaleLogger.log("Using the provided admin username/password")
      username, password = options.admin_user, options.admin_pass
    elif options.test:
      AppScaleLogger.log("Using default admin username/password")
      username, password = LocalState.DEFAULT_USER, LocalState.DEFAULT_PASSWORD
    else:
      username, password = LocalState.get_credentials()

    RemoteHelper.create_user_accounts(username, password, uaserver_host,
      options.keyname)
    uaserver_client.set_admin_role(username)

    RemoteHelper.wait_for_machines_to_finish_loading(public_ip, options.keyname)
    # Finally, update our metadata once we know that all of the machines are
    # up and have started all their API services.
    LocalState.update_local_metadata(options, node_layout, public_ip,
      instance_id)
    RemoteHelper.copy_local_metadata(public_ip, options.keyname, options.verbose)

    RemoteHelper.sleep_until_port_is_open(LocalState.get_login_host(
      options.keyname), RemoteHelper.APP_LOAD_BALANCER_PORT, options.verbose)
    AppScaleLogger.success("AppScale successfully started!")
    AppScaleLogger.success("View status information about your AppScale " + \
      "deployment at http://{0}/status".format(LocalState.get_login_host(
      options.keyname)))
    AppScaleLogger.remote_log_tools_state(options, my_id,
      "finished", APPSCALE_VERSION)

    def upload_app(cls, options):
        """Uploads the given App Engine application into AppScale.

    Args:
      options: A Namespace that has fields for each parameter that can be
        passed in via the command-line interface.
    Returns:
      A tuple containing the host and port where the application is serving
        traffic from.
    """
        if cls.TAR_GZ_REGEX.search(options.file):
            file_location = LocalState.extract_tgz_app_to_dir(options.file, options.verbose)
            created_dir = True
        elif cls.ZIP_REGEX.search(options.file):
            file_location = LocalState.extract_zip_app_to_dir(options.file, options.verbose)
            created_dir = True
        elif os.path.isdir(options.file):
            file_location = options.file
            created_dir = False
        else:
            raise AppEngineConfigException(
                "{0} is not a tar.gz file, a zip file, "
                "or a directory. Please try uploading either a tar.gz file, a zip "
                "file, or a directory.".format(options.file)
            )

        try:
            app_id = AppEngineHelper.get_app_id_from_app_config(file_location)
        except AppEngineConfigException:
            # Java App Engine users may have specified their war directory. In that
            # case, just move up one level, back to the app's directory.
            file_location = file_location + os.sep + ".."
            app_id = AppEngineHelper.get_app_id_from_app_config(file_location)

        app_language = AppEngineHelper.get_app_runtime_from_app_config(file_location)
        AppEngineHelper.validate_app_id(app_id)

        if app_language == "java":
            if AppEngineHelper.is_sdk_mismatch(file_location):
                AppScaleLogger.warn(
                    "AppScale did not find the correct SDK jar "
                    + "versions in your app. The current supported "
                    + "SDK version is "
                    + AppEngineHelper.SUPPORTED_SDK_VERSION
                    + "."
                )

        acc = AppControllerClient(
            LocalState.get_login_host(options.keyname), LocalState.get_secret_key(options.keyname)
        )
        userappclient = UserAppClient(
            LocalState.get_login_host(options.keyname), LocalState.get_secret_key(options.keyname)
        )

        if options.test:
            username = LocalState.DEFAULT_USER
        elif options.email:
            username = options.email
        else:
            username = LocalState.get_username_from_stdin(is_admin=False)

        if not userappclient.does_user_exist(username):
            password = LocalState.get_password_from_stdin()
            RemoteHelper.create_user_accounts(
                username, password, LocalState.get_login_host(options.keyname), options.keyname, clear_datastore=False
            )

        app_exists = userappclient.does_app_exist(app_id)
        app_admin = userappclient.get_app_admin(app_id)
        if app_admin is not None and username != app_admin:
            raise AppScaleException(
                "The given user doesn't own this application"
                + ", so they can't upload an app with that application ID. Please "
                + "change the application ID and try again."
            )

        if app_exists:
            AppScaleLogger.log("Uploading new version of app {0}".format(app_id))
        else:
            AppScaleLogger.log("Uploading initial version of app {0}".format(app_id))
            userappclient.reserve_app_id(username, app_id, app_language)

        # Ignore all .pyc files while tarring.
        if app_language == "python27":
            AppScaleLogger.log("Ignoring .pyc files")

        remote_file_path = RemoteHelper.copy_app_to_host(file_location, options.keyname, options.verbose)

        acc.done_uploading(app_id, remote_file_path)
        acc.update([app_id])

        # now that we've told the AppController to start our app, find out what port
        # the app is running on and wait for it to start serving
        AppScaleLogger.log("Please wait for your app to start serving.")

        if app_exists:
            time.sleep(20)  # give the AppController time to restart the app

        serving_host, serving_port = userappclient.get_serving_info(app_id, options.keyname)
        RemoteHelper.sleep_until_port_is_open(serving_host, serving_port, options.verbose)
#.........这里部分代码省略.........

    def run_instances(cls, options):
        """Starts a new AppScale deployment with the parameters given.

    Args:
      options: A Namespace that has fields for each parameter that can be
        passed in via the command-line interface.
    Raises:
      AppControllerException: If the AppController on the head node crashes.
        When this occurs, the message in the exception contains the reason why
        the AppController crashed.
      BadConfigurationException: If the user passes in options that are not
        sufficient to start an AppScale deployment (e.g., running on EC2 but
        not specifying the AMI to use), or if the user provides us
        contradictory options (e.g., running on EC2 but not specifying EC2
        credentials).
    """
        LocalState.make_appscale_directory()
        LocalState.ensure_appscale_isnt_running(options.keyname, options.force)

        if options.infrastructure:
            if not options.disks and not options.test and not options.force:
                LocalState.ensure_user_wants_to_run_without_disks()
            AppScaleLogger.log(
                "Starting AppScale " + APPSCALE_VERSION + " over the " + options.infrastructure + " cloud."
            )
        else:
            AppScaleLogger.log("Starting AppScale " + APPSCALE_VERSION + " over a virtualized cluster.")
        my_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
        AppScaleLogger.remote_log_tools_state(options, my_id, "started", APPSCALE_VERSION)

        node_layout = NodeLayout(options)
        if not node_layout.is_valid():
            raise BadConfigurationException(
                "There were errors with your " + "placement strategy:\n{0}".format(str(node_layout.errors()))
            )

        public_ip, instance_id = RemoteHelper.start_head_node(options, my_id, node_layout)
        AppScaleLogger.log(
            "\nPlease wait for AppScale to prepare your machines " + "for use. This can take few minutes."
        )

        # Write our metadata as soon as possible to let users SSH into those
        # machines via 'appscale ssh'.
        LocalState.update_local_metadata(options, node_layout, public_ip, instance_id)
        RemoteHelper.copy_local_metadata(public_ip, options.keyname, options.verbose)

        acc = AppControllerClient(public_ip, LocalState.get_secret_key(options.keyname))

        # Let's now wait till the server is initialized.
        while not acc.is_initialized():
            AppScaleLogger.log("Waiting for head node to initialize...")
            # This can take some time in particular the first time around, since
            # we will have to initialize the database.
            time.sleep(cls.SLEEP_TIME * 3)

        # Now let's make sure the UserAppServer is fully initialized.
        uaserver_client = UserAppClient(public_ip, LocalState.get_secret_key(options.keyname))
        try:
            # We don't need to have any exception information here: we do expect
            # some anyway while the UserAppServer is coming up.
            uaserver_client.does_user_exist("non-existent-user", True)
        except Exception as exception:
            AppScaleLogger.log("UserAppServer not ready yet. Retrying ...")
            time.sleep(cls.SLEEP_TIME)

        # Update our metadata again so that users can SSH into other boxes that
        # may have been started.
        LocalState.update_local_metadata(options, node_layout, public_ip, instance_id)
        RemoteHelper.copy_local_metadata(public_ip, options.keyname, options.verbose)

        if options.admin_user and options.admin_pass:
            AppScaleLogger.log("Using the provided admin username/password")
            username, password = options.admin_user, options.admin_pass
        elif options.test:
            AppScaleLogger.log("Using default admin username/password")
            username, password = LocalState.DEFAULT_USER, LocalState.DEFAULT_PASSWORD
        else:
            username, password = LocalState.get_credentials()

        RemoteHelper.create_user_accounts(username, password, public_ip, options.keyname, options.clear_datastore)
        uaserver_client.set_admin_role(username)

        RemoteHelper.wait_for_machines_to_finish_loading(public_ip, options.keyname)
        # Finally, update our metadata once we know that all of the machines are
        # up and have started all their API services.
        LocalState.update_local_metadata(options, node_layout, public_ip, instance_id)
        RemoteHelper.copy_local_metadata(public_ip, options.keyname, options.verbose)

        RemoteHelper.sleep_until_port_is_open(
            LocalState.get_login_host(options.keyname), RemoteHelper.APP_DASHBOARD_PORT, options.verbose
        )
        AppScaleLogger.success("AppScale successfully started!")
        AppScaleLogger.success(
            "View status information about your AppScale "
            + "deployment at http://{0}:{1}/status".format(
                LocalState.get_login_host(options.keyname), RemoteHelper.APP_DASHBOARD_PORT
            )
        )
        AppScaleLogger.remote_log_tools_state(options, my_id, "finished", APPSCALE_VERSION)

  def upload_app(cls, options):
    """Uploads the given App Engine application into AppScale.

    Args:
      options: A Namespace that has fields for each parameter that can be
        passed in via the command-line interface.
    Returns:
      A tuple containing the host and port where the application is serving
        traffic from.
    """
    start_time = time.time()
    if cls.TAR_GZ_REGEX.search(options.file):
      file_location = LocalState.extract_tgz_app_to_dir(options.file,
        options.verbose)
      created_dir = True
    elif cls.ZIP_REGEX.search(options.file):
      file_location = LocalState.extract_zip_app_to_dir(options.file,
        options.verbose)
      created_dir = True
    elif os.path.isdir(options.file):
      file_location = options.file
      created_dir = False
    else:
      raise AppEngineConfigException('{0} is not a tar.gz file, a zip file, ' \
        'or a directory. Please try uploading either a tar.gz file, a zip ' \
        'file, or a directory.'.format(options.file))

    try:
      app_id = AppEngineHelper.get_app_id_from_app_config(file_location)
    except AppEngineConfigException:
      # Java App Engine users may have specified their war directory. In that
      # case, just move up one level, back to the app's directory.
      file_location = file_location + os.sep + ".."
      app_id = AppEngineHelper.get_app_id_from_app_config(file_location)

    app_language = AppEngineHelper.get_app_runtime_from_app_config(
      file_location)
    AppEngineHelper.validate_app_id(app_id)
    
    if app_language == 'java':
      if AppEngineHelper.is_sdk_mismatch(file_location):
        AppScaleLogger.warn('AppScale did not find the correct SDK jar ' + 
          'versions in your app. The current supported ' + 
          'SDK version is ' + AppEngineHelper.SUPPORTED_SDK_VERSION + '.')

    acc = AppControllerClient(LocalState.get_login_host(options.keyname),
      LocalState.get_secret_key(options.keyname))
    userappserver_host = acc.get_uaserver_host(options.verbose)
    userappclient = UserAppClient(userappserver_host, LocalState.get_secret_key(
      options.keyname))

    if options.test:
      username = LocalState.DEFAULT_USER
    elif options.email:
      username = options.email
    else:
      username = LocalState.get_username_from_stdin(is_admin=False)

    if not userappclient.does_user_exist(username):
      password = LocalState.get_password_from_stdin()
      RemoteHelper.create_user_accounts(username, password, userappserver_host,
        options.keyname, clear_datastore=False)

    app_exists = userappclient.does_app_exist(app_id)
    app_admin = userappclient.get_app_admin(app_id)
    if app_admin is not None and username != app_admin:
      raise AppScaleException("The given user doesn't own this application" + \
        ", so they can't upload an app with that application ID. Please " + \
        "change the application ID and try again.")

    eager_app = None
    eager_enabled = not options.disable_eager
    t1 = t2 = t3 = t4 = 0
    if eager_enabled:
      t1 = time.time()
      eager_app = EagerHelper.get_application_info(username, app_language, file_location)
      valid = EagerHelper.perform_eager_validation(eager_app, options.keyname)
      if valid:
        AppScaleLogger.success('EAGER validation was successful. Continuing with the deployment.')
      else:
        AppScaleLogger.warn('EAGER validation failed. Aborting app deployment!')
        end_time = time.time()
        AppScaleLogger.log("Time elapsed: {0} ms".format((end_time - start_time) * 1000))
        AppScaleLogger.log("Time spent on EAGER: {0} ms".format((end_time - t1) * 1000))
        return
      t2 = time.time()

    if app_exists:
      AppScaleLogger.log("Uploading new version of app {0}".format(app_id))
    else:
      AppScaleLogger.log("Uploading initial version of app {0}".format(app_id))
      userappclient.reserve_app_id(username, app_id, app_language)

    remote_file_path = RemoteHelper.copy_app_to_host(file_location,
      options.keyname, options.verbose)

    acc.done_uploading(app_id, remote_file_path)
    acc.update([app_id])

    # now that we've told the AppController to start our app, find out what port
#.........这里部分代码省略.........