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Awesome WSL - Windows Subsystem for Linux

An Awesome collection of Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) information, distributions, and tools.

Contents

• Overview
• Using WSL
  - The WSL Shell
  - Programming on WSL
  - Web Development on WSL
  - Other WSL Uses
• Supported WSL Distributions
  - Ubuntu
  - Debian
  - OpenSUSE / SUSE Enterprise Linux
  - Kali Linux
  - Fedora Remix for WSL
  - Pengwin
  - Pengwin Enterprise
  
• Unofficial WSL Distributions
• WSL Tools
  - X Servers
  - Terminals
  - Managing WSL Installations
  - WSL Utilities
  - WSL-Specific Development Tools
  - Miscellaneous Tools
• Books
• Additional WSL Resources
• Related Projects
• More Awesome Lists
• Thanks
• Intellectual Property Notices

Overview

1. Linux

Linux is a UNIX-like open-source operating system. The core of Linux is a kernel developed by Linus Torvalds. Linux also includes a wide array of applications built on top of the kernel, including web servers, compilers, and e-mail clients, developed and contributed to the Linux ecosystem by a worldwide community of programmers. These applications are then assembled together into Linux distributions by companies, communities, and individuals.

2. Linux Distributions

Unlike Windows or macOS there are many different Linux distributions, each of which is assembled with different approaches to the software selection and implementation. For example, the goal of the non-profit volunteer Debian Project community is to produce a universal free operating system, while the goal of the for-profit SUSE is to provide a stable enterprise platform. There are also Linux distributions based on other distributions. Ubuntu is a distribution based on Debian built by the company Canonical. Kali is a distribution based on Debian built with an emphasis on tools for network security testing. You can see the most popular distributions ranked at DistroWatch.

3. Windows

Windows is a family of proprietary operating systems, all of which are developed, marketed, and sold by Microsoft. Currently Windows 10 is Microsoft's flagship operating system. Windows 10 is available for Intel x86-based and arm64-based PCs. The Windows Subsystem for Linux first shipped in Windows 10 Anniversary Update, version number 1607, in August 2016. WSL can be enabled for free on all versions of Windows 10 after 1607, including Home, Professional, Enterprise, Server, LTSB, and Education. Originally only available for Intel x86-based PCs, Ubuntu 18.04 for arm64 was made available on the Microsoft store in May 2018.

4. WSL1

The original WSL is now known as WSL1. WSL1 is a compatibility layer for running Linux binary executables (ELF) natively on Windows 10. No re-compilation or 'porting' of applications is required. WSL1 provides a Linux-compatible kernel interface developed by Microsoft that allows a user to choose a Linux distribution to install from the Microsoft Store. WSL1 executes unmodified Linux ELF64 binaries by operating a Linux kernel interface on top of the Windows kernel in Windows 10. The WSL1 interface translates Linux system calls from the binaries into Windows system calls and then executes them at native speed. Linux applications run within the Linux distribution which provides the application's dependencies and package management in a container-like environment. WSL provides an interface to mount drives within WSL.

5. WSL2

WSL2 was announced at Microsoft Build 2019. WSL2 features a Linux kernel running inside Windows and is built on the core technology of Hyper-V to provide better Linux application support and improved file system performance. Transitioning to WSL2 is seamless. WSL2 is set by default since Windows 11.

• Announcing WSL2 - Microsoft blog announcing WSL2
• The new Windows subsystem for Linux architecture: a deep dive - WSL2 presentation at Microsoft Build 2019
• WSL2-Linux-Kernel - The source for the Linux kernel used in Windows Subsystem for Linux 2.

6. Emulation

Windows Subsystem for Linux is not an emulator or virtualizer like VirtualBox. WSL1 is closer in its approach to Wine which is a compatibility layer to run Windows binaries on Linux by re-implementing Windows system and API calls in libraries.

7. Details

You want the gritty details? Here they are:

• Windows Subsystem for Linux Overview at MSDN.
• WSL File System Support at MSDN.
• WSL System Calls at MSDN.
• Windows and Ubuntu Interoperability at MSDN.
• WSL Antivirus and Firewall Compatibility at MSDN.
• WSL Release Notes from docs.microsoft.com.
• Windows Subsystem for Linux Documentation from docs.microsoft.com.
• Windows Subsystem for Linux - Update from Microsoft Developer YouTube channel.
• Windows for Linux Nerds from Microsoft developer Jessie Frazelle.

8. Installation

• WSL1 Installation Guide - Microsoft's official guide for WSL.
• Windows Server Installation Guide - Microsoft's official guide for Windows Server.
• Windows-Subsystem-For-Linux-Setup - A basic guide for how to get setup with the WSL feature that is included with Windows 10.

9. Use Cases

WSL is undoubtedly a tool for power-users, developers, and *NIX/Linux geeks who want to run Windows. Most of the things you can do with WSL are going to be related to programming, the console, sysadmin, automation, AI/data science, and other geeky things.

10. GUI Apps

Yes, a suprising number of Linux GUI apps can run on WSL. GUI applications are officially supported on WSL2 with Windows Insider Preview since Windows 10 Insider Preview build 21286. It will also be available in Windows 10's fall 2021 release, and Windows 11. The GUI capabilities of WSL2 are informally referred to as WSLg.

If you have an earlier release of Windows 10, then running a GUI app on WSL requires an operational X server on Windows. This must be downloaded, installed, and running for your GUI app to open from WSL; or it will complain that it cannot find a display. X servers for Windows include X410