c# - To which character encoding (Unicode version) set does a char object correspond?

Question

What Unicode character encoding does a char object correspond to in:

• C#

• Java

• JavaScript (I know there is not actually a char type but I am assuming that the String type is still implemented as an array of Unicode characters)

In general, is there a common convention among programming languages to use a specific character encoding?

Update

1. I have tried to clarify my question. The changes I made are discussed in the comments below.
2. Re: "What problem are you trying to solve?", I am interested in code generation from language independent expressions, and the particular encoding of the file is relevant.

Answer 1

In C# and Java it's UTF-16.