c# - Best way to communicate between forms?

Question

I almost never used (advanced, or at all) graphical interfaces, or one simple form with simple controls... but this time I've got something a little more complex, and I don't have much experience with GUI. I have one main form (and possibly more in the future) from which other sub-forms open (and they might have sub-forms of themselves) and I wonder what is, in your opinion, the best way to communicate between them?

I thought of passing the main form as a parameter to the constructors of the sub-forms, but it doesn't seem like a good way, especially if I'm going to need to communicate between other, distinct, sub-forms, not to mention I have to double check the input, or make a few methods, but it seems more like functional programming than object oriented programming...

Perhaps I can:

• Create a static class (or Properties.Settings) for global settings. Cons: every change of data is needed to be copied to the class, I'm looking for something a bit more comfortable and elegant.
• Use the ugly way of accessing the controls from Application.OpenForms - fixes the problem of passing the main form as parameter. Cons: not very stable.
• Do something else I haven't thought of. Suggestions? Cons: don't know what it is yet.

Answer 1

Your constructor idea is probably the most sound method of communication back to the main form. Your sub form would do something like the following:

public class SubForm : Form
{
    public SubForm(MainForm parentForm)
    {
        _parentForm = parentForm;
    }

    private MainForm _parentForm;

    private void btn_UpdateClientName_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        _parentForm.UpdateClientName(txt_ClientName.Text);
    }
}

And then you expose public methods on your MainForm:

public class MainForm : Form
{
    public void UpdateClientName(string clientName)
    {
        txt_MainClientName.Text = clientName;
    }
}

Alternatively, you can go the other way around and subscribe to events from your SubForms:

public class MainForm : Form
{
    private SubForm1 _subForm1;
    private SubForm2 _subForm2;

    public MainForm()
    {
        _subForm1 = new SubForm1();
        _subForm2 = new SubForm2();

        _subForm1.ClientUpdated += new EventHandler(_subForm1_ClientUpdated);
        _subForm2.ClientUpdated += new EventHandler(_subForm2_ProductUpdated);
    }

    private void _subForm1_ClientUpdated(object sender, EventArgs e)  
    {
        txt_ClientName.Text = _subForm1.ClientName; // Expose a public property
    }

    private void _subForm2_ProductUpdated(object sender, EventArgs e)  
    {
        txt_ProductName.Text = _subForm2.ProductName; // Expose a public property
    }
}