No. Memory spaces of different processes are unconnected (mostly).
There is a technique called ASLR (address space layout randomization) that exists to make addresses less predicable, as buffer overflow exploits are easier if addresses are predictable. Barring that, addresses will be quite similar.
Modern OS' give each process a unique virtual memory space. Sometimes they share a kernel memory space. But the address of a stack allocated mutex (or even a heap one) may be identical on two programs that have run the same steps.
There are OS' where different processes share the same memory space. They tend to be old, or for very small computers, and not used on desktop computers.
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