this.props.navigation.navigate('Auswahl', { myProp: newAsanasAnfaenger } )}
Then in your other component:
const { myProp } = this.props.route.params;
You can find more information about passing parameters to routes in the React Navigation documentation: https://reactnavigation.org/docs/params/
Your second question seems unrelated to the first, but the answer is yes, you can export multiple things from one file. For example:
export const myVar = 1;
export function myFunc() { return true; }
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