As always with Oracle ... AskTom...
From this post...
Decode is somewhat obscure -- CASE is
very very clear. Things that are
easy to do in decode are easy to do in
CASE, things that are hard or near
impossible to do with decode are easy
to do in CASE. CASE, logic wise, wins
hands down.
From a performance point of view seems they are about the same, again above article mentions some speed differences but without benchmarking the particular statements it's hard to say.
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