If you are using Chrome OS Enterprise, you can set a device policy for locking the screen via the ScreenLockDelay policy. From the documentation :
Specifies the length of time without user input after which the screen is locked when running on AC power or battery.
When the length of time is set to a value greater than zero, it represents the length of time that the user must remain idle before Google Chrome OS locks the screen.
After further reading your question, it seems that you actually want to lock the screen after an arbitrary amount of time from when the user has logged in. Based on that information, I would look at the Chrome OS Extensions API. If your user is primarily using the web browser, you can redirect to a web page after a set amount of time via an extension. If the user is also using Android apps, then you may want to ask the Chrome team to add in a enterprise policy to allow locking the device after a set amount of time by logging a bug.
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