This
firstFun=Function[{Typed[pixel0,"ComplexReal64"]},
Module[{i=1,maksi=100,pixel=pixel0},
While[i<maksi&&Abs[pixel]^2<2,
pixel=2*Re[pixel]*Im[pixel]-0.8*I*Im[pixel0]+
I*(Re[pixel]^2-Im[pixel]^2-0.8*I*Re[pixel0]);
i++];
i]];
compFun[c_]=FunctionCompile[firstFun]
compiles without any compile-time error messages.
If I haven't made a mistake then I think your pixel calculation can be simplified to
pixel=I*Conjugate[pixel]^2+0.8*Conjugate[pixel0]
Please test all this very carefully to make certain that it is correct.
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