This is indeed issue 1168528 in Chromium (bug in Chrome 88 stable), you are correct.
Root cause: A bug in the ICU library, as used by Chrome et al, for when Automatic DST is OFF in Windows. See comments from an ICU developer on ICU PR 1543.
Workaround: Affected users can change their Windows timezone settings to a completely different TZ, then change it back the original. We asked users to restart the browser afterwards & try using the web application again, and the problem was corrected. (I don't think they changed their Auto DST settings, and yet the problem was fixed...)
The characteristic feature of the bug is the e.g. GMT-7 instead of GMT+7.
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