You can use this extensions of python. It has a Jupyter Notebook feature that comes with a variable explorer. It is recommended to also add the Jupyter extension as well (they work together just fine), you can find it here.
You can read this documentary about how to use Jupyter with visual studio code, you can see that it shows how to display the variables the way you wanted.
与恶龙缠斗过久,自身亦成为恶龙;凝视深渊过久,深渊将回以凝视…