python operator precedence of in and comparison

Question

The following comparisons produce True:

>>> '1' in '11'
True
>>> ('1' in '11') == True
True

And with the parentheses the other way, I get a TypeError:

>>> '1' in ('11' == True)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: argument of type 'bool' is not iterable

So how do I get False with no parentheses?

>>> '1' in '11' == True
False

Answer 1

The Python manual says in and == are of equal precedence. Thus, they're evaluated from left to right by default, but there's also chaining to consider. The expression you put above ('1' in '11' == True) is actually being evaluated as...

('1' in '11') and ('11' == True)

which of course is False. If you don't know what chaining is, it's what allows you to do something like...

if 0 < a < 1:

in Python, and have that mean what you expect ("a is greater than 0 but less than 1").