java - NoClassDefFoundError on Maven dependency

Question

My first use of Maven and I'm stuck with dependencies.

I created a Maven project with Eclipse and added dependencies, and it was working without problems.

But when I try to run it via command line:

$ mvn package  # successfully completes
$ java -cp target/bil138_4-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar tr.edu.hacettepe.cs.b21127113.bil138_4.App # NoClassDefFoundError for dependencies

It downloads dependencies, successfully builds, but when I try to run it, I get NoClassDefFoundError:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/codehaus/jackson/JsonParseException
        at tr.edu.hacettepe.cs.b21127113.bil138_4.db.DatabaseManager.<init>(DatabaseManager.java:16)
        at tr.edu.hacettepe.cs.b21127113.bil138_4.db.DatabaseManager.<init>(DatabaseManager.java:22)
        at tr.edu.hacettepe.cs.b21127113.bil138_4.App.main(App.java:10)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.codehaus.jackson.JsonParseException
        at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:217)
        at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
        at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:205)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:321)
        at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:294)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:266)
        ... 3 more

My pom.xml is like this:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>tr.edu.hacettepe.cs.b21127113</groupId>
  <artifactId>bil138_4</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>

  <name>bil138_4</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>        
    <dependency>
            <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-core-asl</artifactId>           
    </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>             
        </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
        <artifactId>jackson-core-asl</artifactId>
        <version>1.9.6</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
        <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
        <version>1.9.6</version>
    </dependency>
    </dependencies>
  </dependencyManagement>
</project>

Can anyone help me?

Answer 1

By default, Maven doesn't bundle dependencies in the JAR file it builds, and you're not providing them on the classpath when you're trying to execute your JAR file at the command-line. This is why the Java VM can't find the library class files when trying to execute your code.

You could manually specify the libraries on the classpath with the -cp parameter, but that quickly becomes tiresome.

A better solution is to "shade" the library code into your output JAR file. There is a Maven plugin called the maven-shade-plugin to do this. You need to register it in your POM, and it will automatically build an "uber-JAR" containing your classes and the classes for your library code too when you run mvn package.

To simply bundle all required libraries, add the following to your POM:

<project>
  ...
  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.2.4</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>shade</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
  ...
</project>

Once this is done, you can rerun the commands you used above:

$ mvn package
$ java -cp target/bil138_4-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar tr.edu.hacettepe.cs.b21127113.bil138_4.App

If you want to do further configuration of the shade plugin in terms of what JARs should be included, specifying a Main-Class for an executable JAR file, and so on, see the "Examples" section on the maven-shade-plugin site.