performance - Should I use multiplication or division?

Question

Here's a silly fun question:

Let's say we have to perform a simple operation where we need half of the value of a variable. There are typically two ways of doing this:

y = x / 2.0;
// or...
y = x * 0.5;

Assuming we're using the standard operators provided with the language, which one has better performance?

I'm guessing multiplication is typically better so I try to stick to that when I code, but I would like to confirm this.

Although personally I'm interested in the answer for Python 2.4-2.5, feel free to also post an answer for other languages! And if you'd like, feel free to post other fancier ways (like using bitwise shift operators) as well.

Answer 1

Python:

time python -c 'for i in xrange(int(1e8)): t=12341234234.234 / 2.0'
real    0m26.676s
user    0m25.154s
sys     0m0.076s

time python -c 'for i in xrange(int(1e8)): t=12341234234.234 * 0.5'
real    0m17.932s
user    0m16.481s
sys     0m0.048s

multiplication is 33% faster

Lua:

time lua -e 'for i=1,1e8 do t=12341234234.234 / 2.0 end'
real    0m7.956s
user    0m7.332s
sys     0m0.032s

time lua -e 'for i=1,1e8 do t=12341234234.234 * 0.5 end'
real    0m7.997s
user    0m7.516s
sys     0m0.036s

=> no real difference

LuaJIT:

time luajit -O -e 'for i=1,1e8 do t=12341234234.234 / 2.0 end'
real    0m1.921s
user    0m1.668s
sys     0m0.004s

time luajit -O -e 'for i=1,1e8 do t=12341234234.234 * 0.5 end'
real    0m1.843s
user    0m1.676s
sys     0m0.000s

=>it's only 5% faster

conclusions: in Python it's faster to multiply than to divide, but as you get closer to the CPU using more advanced VMs or JITs, the advantage disappears. It's quite possible that a future Python VM would make it irrelevant