As mentioned in the comments, it is for case-insensitive attribute matching. This is a new feature in CSS Selectors Level 4.
Presently it is available in Chrome 49+, Firefox 47+, Safari 9+, and Opera 37+*. Prior to this it was only available in the Chrome user-agent styles starting around Chrome 39, but could be enabled for web content by setting the experimental features flag.
* Earlier versions of Opera may also support it.
Working Example / Browser Test:
[data-test] {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
margin: 4px;
}
[data-test="A"] {
background: red;
}
[data-test="a" i] {
background: green;
}
Green if supported, red if not:
<div data-test="A"></div>
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