java - in what order are static blocks and static variables in a class executed?

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Answer 1

From section 12.4.2 of the JLS, snipped appropriately:

The procedure for initializing C is then as follows:

• Then, initialize the final class variables and fields of interfaces whose values are compile-time constant expressions (§8.3.2.1, §9.3.1, §13.4.9, §15.28).

• Next, execute either the class variable initializers and static initializers of the class, or the field initializers of the interface, in textual order, as though they were a single block.

So for non-compile-time-constants, it's not a case of "all variables" and then "all static initializers" or vice versa - it's all of them together, in textual order. So if you had:

static int x = method("x");

static {
    System.out.println("init 1");
}

static int y = method("y");

static {
    System.out.println("init 2");
}

static int method(String name) {
    System.out.println(name);
    return 0;
}

Then the output would be:

x
init 1
y
init 2

Even making x or y final wouldn't affect this here, as they still wouldn't be compile-time constants.

P.S:Also noticed that string variable initialization happens before the block only when i insert the final modifier.

At that point, it's a compile-time constant, and any uses of it basically inlined. Additionally, the variable value is assigned before the rest of the initializers, as above.

Section 15.28 of the JLS defines compile-time constants - it includes all primitive values and String, but not the wrapper types such as Integer.