c - Understanding INADDR_ANY for socket programming

Question

I am trying to program some sockets and so, on the server side, I use htonl(INADDR_ANY). To the extent I understood, it seems to me that this function generates a random IP (am I correct ?). In fact, I want to bind my socket with my localhost. But if I run this

printf("%d",htonl(INADDR_ANY));

I get 0 as a return value. Could someone bring some explanation ?

Answer 1

1. bind() of INADDR_ANY does NOT "generate a random IP". It binds the socket to all available interfaces.

2. For a server, you typically want to bind to all interfaces - not just "localhost".

3. If you wish to bind your socket to localhost only, the syntax would be my_sockaddress.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");, then call bind(my_socket, (SOCKADDR *) &my_sockaddr, ...).

4. As it happens, INADDR_ANY is a constant that happens to equal "zero":

   http://www.castaglia.org/proftpd/doc/devel-guide/src/include/inet.h.html

   # define INADDR_ANY ((unsigned long int) 0x00000000)
   ...
   # define INADDR_NONE    0xffffffff
   ...
   # define INPORT_ANY 0
   ...
   

5. If you're not already familiar with it, I urge you to check out Beej's Guide to Sockets Programming:

   http://beej.us/guide/bgnet/

Since people are still reading this, an additional note:

man (7) ip:

When a process wants to receive new incoming packets or connections, it should bind a socket to a local interface address using bind(2).

In this case, only one IP socket may be bound to any given local (address, port) pair. When INADDR_ANY is specified in the bind call, the socket will be bound to all local interfaces.

When listen(2) is called on an unbound socket, the socket is automatically bound to a random free port with the local address set to INADDR_ANY.

When connect(2) is called on an unbound socket, the socket is automatically bound to a random free port or to a usable shared port with the local address set to INADDR_ANY...

There are several special addresses: INADDR_LOOPBACK (127.0.0.1) always refers to the local host via the loopback device; INADDR_ANY (0.0.0.0) means any address for binding...

Also:

bind() — Bind a name to a socket:

If the (sin_addr.s_addr) field is set to the constant INADDR_ANY, as defined in netinet/in.h, the caller is requesting that the socket be bound to all network interfaces on the host. Subsequently, UDP packets and TCP connections from all interfaces (which match the bound name) are routed to the application. This becomes important when a server offers a service to multiple networks. By leaving the address unspecified, the server can accept all UDP packets and TCP connection requests made for its port, regardless of the network interface on which the requests arrived.