With a 64-bit Python installation, and (say) 64 GB of memory, a Python 2 string of around 63 GB should be quite feasible (if not maximally fast). If you can upgrade your memory much beyond that (which will cost you an arm and a leg, of course), your maximum feasible strings should get proportionally longer. (I don't recommend relying on virtual memory to extend that by much, or your runtimes will get simply ridiculous;-).
With a typical 32-bit Python installation, of course, the total memory you can use in your application is limited to something like 2 or 3 GB (depending on OS and configuration), so the longest strings you can use will be much smaller than in 64-bit installations with ridiculously high amounts of RAM.
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