As per my research, there is a significant difference in the concept of backstack and how they exist:
When an activity is placed to the backstack of activities the user can navigate back to the previous activity by just pressing the back button.
activity
backstack
activities
back
Activity can exist independently.
Activity
When an fragment is placed to the activity we have to request the instance to be saved by calling addToBackstack() during the fragment transaction.
fragment
addToBackstack()
transaction
Fragment has to live inside the activity
Fragment
Are there any additional differences?
Those are two completely different things:
An Activity is an application component that provides a screen, with which users can interact in order to do something. More details: https://developer.android.com/guide/components/activities/intro-activities
Whereas a Fragment represents a behavior or a portion of user interface in an Activity. https://developer.android.com/guide/fragments
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