java - Why can't variables be declared in an if statement?

Question

The following Java code does not compile.

int a = 0;

if(a == 1) {
    int b = 0;
}

if(a == 1) {
    b = 1;
}

Why? There can be no code path leading to the program assigning 1 to b without declaring it first.

It occurred to me that b's variable scope might be limited to the first if statement, but then I wouldn't understand why. What if I really don't want to declare b needlessly, in order to improve performance? I don't like having variables left unused after declaration.

(You may want to argue than I could simply declare b in the second if statement, in that case, just imagine that it could be in a loop somewhere else.)

Answer 1

Variables can be declared inside a conditional statement. However you try and access b in a different scope.

When you declare b here:

if(a == 1) {
    int b = 0;
}

It is only in scope until the end }.

Therefore when you come to this line:

b = 1;

b does not exist.