Short answer: you cannot. Callbacks can't return anything because there's nowhere to return it to -- except the event loop, which doesn't do anything with return values.
In an event based application, what you typically will do is set an attribute on a class. Or, if you're a beginner, you can set a global variable. Using a global variable isn't a good idea for real code that has to be maintained over time but it's OK for experimentation.
So, for example, since C
appears to be a global variable in your example, you would do something like:
def button():
global C
mylabel = Label(myGui, text = "hi").grid(row = 0, column = 0)
A = B.get()
C = A
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