Here's one difference - case objects extend the Serializable
trait, so they can be serialized. Regular objects cannot by default:
scala> object A
defined module A
scala> case object B
defined module B
scala> import java.io._
import java.io._
scala> val bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream
bos: java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream =
scala> val oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bos)
oos: java.io.ObjectOutputStream = java.io.ObjectOutputStream@e7da60
scala> oos.writeObject(B)
scala> oos.writeObject(A)
java.io.NotSerializableException: A$
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