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layout - Using PHP include to separate site content

I'm looking for advice on the best practice for separating site content up into logical blocks. I want a header and footer that are constant throughout the site, so that if I have several pages of different content, they will all look as below — changes made to the header and footer then update automatically without me having to change each individual page.

<?php
include 'header.php';
?>
<body>
    <p>page content here</p>
</body>
<?
include 'footer.php';
?>

The header.php would contain the opening <html>, <head> and static content, and the footer.php would contain any extra static content and the closing </html> tag. So, my question is: Is this a good approach? I'm worried that spreading the <html> tags across multiple files is bad practice. If so, what is the right way to approach this kind of design?

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by (71.8m points)

Nope, your approach is wrong.
Here are main faults in your design:

  1. You're assuming that header.php would be called on the every page call. That's wrong.
  2. You're assuming that header.php will always be static. That's wrong.
  3. You forgot to create a template for the page itself.

The main rule everyone have to learn by heart:

Not a single character has to be sent into browser, until all data gets ready.

Why?

  • it's 2011 today. AJAX era. What if your code will have to send JSONed data instead of whole HTML page?
  • there is a thing called HTTP header. Sometimes we have to send them. And it's gets impossible if you already have your ornate HTML header sent.
  • it's for just 4-page site. Okay. Imagine you've got lucky and got a request for another 4-page site. You will have to change only templates and don't touch engine files. That's really great benefit.
  • Imagine you're going to make a custom <title> tag for your pages, based on the page content. Isn't it extremely common thing? But you can't make it without using templates.

So, you have to have one common site template containing header and footer and also dedicated templates for the every php script.

An example layout is going to be like this:

.1. page itself.

it outputs nothing but only gather required data and calls a template:

<?php
//include our settings, connect to database etc.
include dirname($_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']).'/cfg/settings.php';
//getting required data
$DATA=dbgetarr("SELECT * FROM links");
$pagetitle = "Links to friend sites";
//etc
//and then call a template:
$tpl = "links.tpl.php";
include "template.php";
?>

.2. template.php which is your main site template,

consists of your header and footer:

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>My site. <?=$pagetitle?></title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="page">
<?php include $tpl ?>
</div>
</body>
</html>

.3. and finally links.tpl.php is the actual page template:

<h2><?=$pagetitle?></h2>
<ul>
<?php foreach($DATA as $row): ?>
<li><a href="<?=$row['link']?>" target="_blank"><?=$row['name']?></a></li>
<?php endforeach ?>
<ul>

easy, clean and maintainable.


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