datetime - How do you preserve a JavaScript date's time zone from browser to server, and back?

Question

For example, using a date and time control, the user selects a date and time, such that the string representation is the following:

"6-25-2012 12:00:00 PM"

It so happens that this user is in the EST time zone. The string is passed to the server, which translates it into a .NET DateTime object, and then stores it in SQL Server in a datetime column.

When the date is returned later to the browser, it needs to be converted back into a date, however when the above string is fed into a date it is losing 4 hours of time. I believe this is because when not specifying a timezone while creating a JavaScript date, it defaults to local time, and since EST is -400 from GMT, it subtracts 4 hours from 12pm, even though that 12pm was meant to be specified as EST when the user selected it on a machine in the EST time zone.

Clearly something needs to be added to the original datetime string before its passed to the server to be persisted. What is the recommended way of doing this?

Answer 1

Don't rely on JavaScript's Date constructor to parse a string. The behavior and supported formats vary wildly per browser and locale. Here are just some of the default behaviors if you use the Date object directly.

If you must come from a string, try using a standardized format such as ISO8601. The date you gave in that format would be "2012-06-25T12:00:00". The easiest way to work with these in JavaScript is with moment.js.

Also, be careful about what you are actually meaning to represent. Right now, you are passing a local date/time, saving a local/date/time, and returning a local date/time. Along the way, the idea of what is "local" could change.

In many cases, the date/time is intended to represent an exact moment in time. To make that work, you need to convert from the local time entered to UTC on the client. Send UTC to your server, and store it. Later, retrieve UTC and send it back to your client, process it as UTC and convert back to local time. You can do all of this easily with moment.js:

// I'll assume these are the inputs you have.  Adjust accordingly.
var dateString = "6-25-2012";
var timeString = "12:00:00 PM";

// Construct a moment in the default local time zone, using a specific format.
var m = moment(dateString + " " + timeString, "M-D-YYYY h:mm:ss A");

// Get the value in UTC as an ISO8601 formatted string
var utc = m.toISOString(); // output: "2012-06-25T19:00:00.000Z"

On the server in .Net:

var dt = DateTime.Parse("2012-06-25T19:00:00.000Z",   // from the input variable
                        CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, // recommended for ISO
                        DateTimeStyles.RoundtripKind) // honor the Z for UTC kind

Store that in the database. Later retrieve it and send it back:

// when you pull it from your database, set it to UTC kind
var dt = DateTime.SpecifyKind((DateTime)reader["yourfield"], DateTimeKind.Utc);

// send it back in ISO format:
var s = dt.ToString("o"); // "o" is the ISO8601 "round-trip" pattern.

Pass it back to the javascript in moment.js:

// construct a moment:
var m = moment("2012-06-25T19:00:00.000Z"); // use the value from the server

// display it in this user's local time zone, in whatever format you want
var s = m.format("LLL");   // "June 25 2012 12:00 PM"

// or if you need a Date object
var dt = m.toDate();

See - that was easy, and you didn't need to get into anything fancy with time zones.