c# - Strategy Pattern and Dependency Injection using Unity

Question

I am finally getting my feet wet with Dependency Injection (long overdue); I got started playing with Unity and run into an issue with the strategy pattern. I can use the container to return to me specific implementations of a strategy based on a name, but what I don't see is how I am supposed to get the right strategy in the context.
Let's illustrate on a simple example: the context is a car, which has an IEngine (the strategy), with 2 implementations, FastEngine and SlowEngine. The code would look along these lines:

public interface IEngine
{
    double MaxSpeed
    {
        get;
    }
}

internal class FastEngine:IEngine
{
    public double MaxSpeed
    {
        get 
        { 
            return 100d; 
        }
    }
}

internal class SlowEngine:IEngine
{
    public double MaxSpeed
    {
        get
        {
            return 10d;
        }
    }
}

public class Car
{
    private IEngine engine;
    public double MaximumSpeed
    {
        get
        {
            return this.engine.MaxSpeed;
        }
    }

    public Car(IEngine engine)
    {
        this.engine = engine;
    }
}

My problem is the following: how should I go about instantiating a fast car or a slow car? I can use the container to provide me with each implementation, and I can set a "default" implementation to use:

IUnityContainer container = new UnityContainer();
container.RegisterType<IEngine, FastEngine>();
container.RegisterType<IEngine, FastEngine>("Fast");
container.RegisterType<IEngine, SlowEngine>( "Slow" );
var car = container.Resolve<Car>();
Assert.AreEqual(100, car.MaximumSpeed);

but what I would like is to be able to request a car with a specific implementation of the strategy - something like

var car = container.Resolve<Car>(??? use "Fast" or "Slow ???);

Can I use the container to do that? Or should I write a Factory which uses the container? Any guidance would be appreciated - I am not sure I am thinking right about this!

Answer 1

A common pattern in DI is that at run-time there's only going to be a single implementation of a given abstraction. That just makes life a whole lot easier, as you don't need to deal with the ambiguity such as the one you describe.

However, sometimes, you need to vary an implementation based on context, such as the example you give. Many DI Containers provide ways where you can provide a qualifying parameter, but that means that you will end up tightly coupling your code to a specific DI Container.

A much better solution would be to introduct an Abstract Factory that can provide what you need. Something like

public interface ICarFactory
{
    Car Create(IEngine engine);
}

If you need to inject more Strategies, perhaps the Builder design pattern might fit even better.

In any case, the point is that instead of registering a lot of different Cars in the container, you would instead register a single ICarFactory implementation.

In your client code, you would use the injected ICarFactory to create a Car instance based on a particular IEngine.

var car = factory.Create(engine);