Yes, Roslyn 2.3.0 will only work on Visual Studio 2017.3 and newer.
In general the mappings of Roslyn to Visual Studio versions works like this:
Roslyn 1.0.x -> Visual Studio 2015.0 (RTM)
Roslyn 1.1.x -> Visual Studio 2015.1 (Update 1)
Roslyn 1.2.x -> Visual Studio 2015.2 (Update 2)
Roslyn 1.3.x -> Visual Studio 2015.3 (Update 3)
Roslyn 2.0.x -> Visual Studio 2017.0 (RTM)
Roslyn 2.1.x -> Visual Studio 2017.1.x
Roslyn 2.2.x -> Visual Studio 2017.2.x
Roslyn 2.3.x -> Visual Studio 2017.3.x
Roslyn 2.4.x -> Visual Studio 2017.4.x
Roslyn 2.6.x -> Visual Studio 2017.5.x
Roslyn 2.7.x -> Visual Studio 2017.7.x
Roslyn 2.8.x -> Visual Studio 2017.7.x
Roslyn 2.9.x -> Visual Studio 2017.8.x
Roslyn 2.10.x -> Visual Studio 2017.9.x
Roslyn 3.0.x -> Visual Studio 2019.0 (RTM)
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