This will give you the total number of threads in your VM :
int nbThreads = Thread.getAllStackTraces().keySet().size();
Now, if you want all threads currently executing, you can do that :
int nbRunning = 0;
for (Thread t : Thread.getAllStackTraces().keySet()) {
if (t.getState()==Thread.State.RUNNABLE) nbRunning++;
}
The possible states are enumerated here: Thread.State javadoc
If you want to see running threads not programmaticaly but with a Windows tool, you could use Process Explorer.
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