I faced with the same problem on Ubuntu 16.04 and angular CLI 1.0.0.
The problem was related with Inotify Watches Limit on Linux.
To solve the issue, I increased the watches limit to 512K.
Run these commands.
sudo sysctl fs.inotify.max_user_watches=524288
sudo sysctl -p --system
After that, I restarted my IDE, and after that, the change detection started to work.
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