While T. Arboreus's answer might fix the issues with resolving 'archive.ubuntu.com', I think the last error you're getting says that it doesn't know about the packages php5-mcrypt and python-pip.
Nevertheless, the reduced Dockerfile of you with just these two packages worked for me (using Debian 8.4 and Docker 1.11.0), but I'm not quite sure if that could be the case because my host system is different than yours.
FROM ubuntu:14.04
# Install dependencies
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y
php5-mcrypt
python-pip
However, according to this answer you should think about installing the python3-pip package instead of the python-pip package when using Python 3.x.
Furthermore, to make the php5-mcrypt package installation working, you might want to add the universe repository like it's shown right here. I had trouble with the add-apt-repository command missing in the Ubuntu Docker image so I installed the package software-properties-common at first to make the command available.
Splitting up the statements and putting apt-get update and apt-get install into one RUN command is also recommended here.
Oh and by the way, you actually don't need the -y flag at apt-get update because there is nothing that has to be confirmed automatically.
Finally:
FROM ubuntu:14.04
# Install dependencies
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y
software-properties-common
RUN add-apt-repository universe
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y
apache2
curl
git
libapache2-mod-php5
php5
php5-mcrypt
php5-mysql
python3.4
python3-pip
Remark: The used versions (e.g. of Ubuntu) might be outdated in the future.
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