I newbie in bash scripting but i don't uderstand why it's not work
#!/bin/bash foo=foobarfoobar echo ${foo//bar/baz}
bad substitution error on line 3
That substitution works fine in Bash 4.2.8 (and looks fine according to the documentation).
My best guess would be that you're not actually using Bash - how are you invoking the script? If you're doing sh script.sh you may well be running it with Dash or something similar (and Dash does indeed give a substitution error on line 3). Try explicitly running it with Bash (bash script.sh).
sh script.sh
bash script.sh
If it turns out you are actually using Dash, there's some useful information on the differences and how to go back to using Bash (if you want to) here: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DashAsBinSh
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