I ran into a very similar problem, and fixed it by adding /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/vtk/
to the PYTHONPATH environment variable.
Your exact fix may vary depending on your version of python, etc (it affects the paths). You should be able to sort it out by locating the location of the missing module and then adding the path to the environment variable as follows.
In my case, I found the path using:
find / -name vtkCommonCorePython 2>/dev/null
And then added the relevant path to ~/.bash_rc or equivalent.
export PYTHONPATH="$PYTHONPATH:usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/vtk/"
Be careful that you append to the path variable rather than overwriting it - you probably already need to have some other stuff like '/usr/local/lib/' in there. The format (and file where you put this!) is different for different shells.
Restart the terminal to get the changes through, and then check that the variable is set up correctly:
echo $PYTHONPATH
And be very careful that there are no mistakes in any of the paths!
与恶龙缠斗过久,自身亦成为恶龙;凝视深渊过久,深渊将回以凝视…