You really have two questions here:
- How do you launch a protocol from a WinForms app
- How to properly launch a UWP app.
To launch a protocol from your WinForms app use the Process object with UseShellExecute = true. Don't try launching it with Explorer.exe as the process.
The best way to launch an app is via protocol, so long as the app defines one. If you control the app then you can define a protocol as shown by @Romasz: Handle URI activation
The shell:appsFolder trick you used on your command line is a handy scripting hack, but it's not documented or guaranteed. Don't ship code dependent on it.
Once you have a protocol you can launch it with Process.Start:
Here's the shell hack to launch the People app:
Process p = new Process();
ProcessStartInfo startInfo = new ProcessStartInfo();
startInfo.UseShellExecute = true;
startInfo.FileName = startInfo.FileName = @"shell:appsFolderMicrosoft.People_8wekyb3d8bbwe!App";
p.StartInfo = startInfo;
p.Start();
Since the People app defines a documented protocol it'd be better to launch it that way. This can also let us choose which contact we want:
Process p = new Process();
ProcessStartInfo startInfo = new ProcessStartInfo();
startInfo.UseShellExecute = true;
startInfo.FileName = @"ms-people:viewcontact?PhoneNumber=8675309";
p.StartInfo = startInfo;
p.Start();
The correct way to launch a UWP app that doesn't define a protocol is to use the IApplicationActivationManager. This is what the shell will use internally, and it can give you more control over what you're launching and how.
There is a stackoverflow Q/A on using IApplicationActivationManager from C# at IApplicationActivationManager::ActivateApplication in C#?
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