python - Custom urllib opener that uses client certificates

Question

I have got an API that I have to work with. The API is secured by HTTPS and uses mutual authentication/client certificates. I have a PEM file and a CRT file.

When I connect to the server regularly, using PyOpenSSL I have no problem, here is the code:

import settings
from OpenSSL import SSL
import socket

def verify(conn, cert, errnum, depth, ok):
    # This obviously has to be updated
    print 'Got certificate: %s' % cert.get_subject()
    return ok

def password_callback(maxlen, verify, extra):
        print (maxlen, verify, extra)
        return settings.DEPOSIT_CODE

context = SSL.Context(SSL.SSLv23_METHOD)
context.set_verify(SSL.VERIFY_NONE, verify)
context.set_passwd_cb(password_callback)
context.use_certificate_file(settings.CLIENT_CERT_FILE)
context.use_privatekey_file(settings.PEM_FILE)

sock = SSL.Connection(context, socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM))
sock.connect(("someserver.com",443))

http_get_request = """
GET / HTTP/1.1

"""
sock.write(http_get_request)
print sock.recv(1000)

But, because this is an HTTPS API with client certificate, I have implemented an opener for it, the code somehow modified is here:

import settings
import socket
import urllib2

def verify(conn, cert, errnum, depth, ok):
    # This obviously has to be updated
    print 'Got certificate: %s' % cert.get_subject()
    return ok

def password_callback(maxlen, verify, extra):
        print (maxlen, verify, extra)
        return settings.DEPOSIT_CODE

class MyHTTPSConnection(httplib.HTTPSConnection):
    def connect(self):
        context = SSL.Context(SSL.SSLv23_METHOD)
        context.set_passwd_cb(password_callback)
        context.use_certificate_file(settings.CLIENT_CERT_FILE)
        context.set_verify(SSL.VERIFY_NONE, verify)
        context.use_privatekey_file(settings.PEM_FILE)
        self.sock = SSL.Connection(context, socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM))

class MyHTTPSHandler(urllib2.HTTPSHandler):
    def https_open(self,req):
        return self.do_open(MyHTTPSConnection,req)

opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPHandler,MyCHTTPSHandler)
urllib2.install_opener(opener)

f = urllib2.urlopen("https://sampleapiserver.com")
print f.code

but when I run the second code, I get the following error:

  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/urllib2.py", line 126, in urlopen
    return _opener.open(url, data, timeout)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/urllib2.py", line 391, in open
    response = self._open(req, data)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/urllib2.py", line 409, in _open
    '_open', req)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/urllib2.py", line 369, in _call_chain
    result = func(*args)
  File "network.py", line 37, in https_open
    return self.do_open(IRNICHTTPSConnection,req)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/urllib2.py", line 1142, in do_open
    h.request(req.get_method(), req.get_selector(), req.data, headers)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/httplib.py", line 914, in request
    self._send_request(method, url, body, headers)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/httplib.py", line 951, in _send_request
    self.endheaders()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/httplib.py", line 908, in endheaders
    self._send_output()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/httplib.py", line 780, in _send_output
    self.send(msg)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/httplib.py", line 759, in send
    self.sock.sendall(str)
OpenSSL.SSL.Error: [('SSL routines', 'SSL_write', 'uninitialized')]

Finally, am I doing something wrong? If not, please help me understand the error...

Cheers.

Answer 1

It looks like you're adding a lot of complexity here that you don't really need. If you're just doing simple client certificate authentication, you could probably get away from the following snippet (source):

import httplib
import urllib2

# HTTPS Client Auth solution for urllib2, inspired by
# http://bugs.python.org/issue3466
# and improved by David Norton of Three Pillar Software. In this
# implementation, we use properties passed in rather than static module
# fields.
class HTTPSClientAuthHandler(urllib2.HTTPSHandler):
    def __init__(self, key, cert):
        urllib2.HTTPSHandler.__init__(self)
        self.key = key
        self.cert = cert
    def https_open(self, req):
        #Rather than pass in a reference to a connection class, we pass in
        # a reference to a function which, for all intents and purposes,
        # will behave as a constructor
        return self.do_open(self.getConnection, req)
    def getConnection(self, host):
        return httplib.HTTPSConnection(host, key_file=self.key, cert_file=self.cert)


cert_handler = HTTPSClientAuthHandler(settings.PEMFILE, settings.CLIENT_CERT_FILE)
opener = urllib2.build_opener(cert_handler)
urllib2.install_opener(opener)

f = urllib2.urlopen("https://sampleapiserver.com")
print f.code

The source was used in the context of providing a cert-authenicated URL opener to the Suds Client constructor, so I stripped that out and made it a direct opener.