time series - rank data over a rolling window in pandas DataFrame

Question

I am new to Python and the Pandas library, so apologies if this is a trivial question. I am trying to rank a Timeseries over a rolling window of N days. I know there is a rank function but this function ranks the data over the entire timeseries. I don't seem to be able to find a rolling rank function. Here is an example of what I am trying to do:

           A

01-01-2013 100
02-01-2013 85
03-01-2013 110
04-01-2013 60
05-01-2013 20
06-01-2013 40

If I wanted to rank the data over a rolling window of 3 days, the answer should be:

           Ranked_A

01-01-2013 NaN
02-01-2013 Nan
03-01-2013 1
04-01-2013 3
05-01-2013 3
06-01-2013 2

Is there a built-in function in Python that can do this? Any suggestion? Many thanks.

Answer 1

If you want to use the Pandas built-in rank method (with some additional semantics, such as the ascending option), you can create a simple function wrapper for it

def rank(array):
    s = pd.Series(array)
    return s.rank(ascending=False)[len(s)-1]

that can then be used as a custom rolling-window function.

pd.rolling_apply(df['A'], 3, rank)

which outputs

Date
01-01-2013   NaN
02-01-2013   NaN
03-01-2013     1
04-01-2013     3
05-01-2013     3
06-01-2013     2

(I'm assuming the df data structure from Rutger's answer)