With a little HTML5 and JavaScript magic, the answer is yes:
http://jsfiddle.net/nallenscott/WtQjY/41/
Straw man:
<body>
<section>
<article>
<header></header>
<div class="blurheader"></div>
<!-- content-->
</article>
</section>
</body>
You'll need jQuery, Stackblur, and html2canvas.
Duplicate the content area and convert it to canvas.
Move the canvas to the header.
Sync the scroll of the content with the canvas in the header.
html2canvas creates the canvas, Stackblur creates a gaussian blur on the canvas, and the header element is layered over the .blurheader div to simulate translucency.
If you're comfortable with JavaScript, then this might be worth investigating further. It supports the latest versions of IE, Chrome, Safari, and Firefox and permits graceful fallback options for legacy browsers.
Cheers.
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