character encoding - What is the difference between iconv() and mb_convert_encoding() in PHP?

Question

What's the difference between iconv() and mb_convert_encoding() in PHP? Does one perform better, faster, etc. ( eg. with specific encodings )? In what situations would one be preferred over the other?

Here's what I think I know already:

iconv()

1. included with most installs of PHP.
2. when characters that can't be mapped to the new character set are found, you can specify if they are converted to a 'similar' character, or ignored.

mb_convert_encoding()

1. usually requires installing the php-mbstring extension.
2. is able to handle HTML-ENTITIES, converting to and from web hex codes.

Are there other differences?

Answer 1

iconv() is just a wrapper around the iconv() function found in the system C library where PHP is running (unless PHP is built with GNU iconv, in which case GNU iconv is used). So the performance and features of iconv() depend on where you are running PHP and how it is built.

The implementation of mb_convert_encoding(), on the other hand, is included in the PHP (module) source. It includes a library called libmbfl which handles the actual conversion. Thus it works the same regardless of where you're running PHP. There is a list of supported encodings here: http://php.net/manual/en/mbstring.encodings.php

So, in summary, I guess you could say that mb_convert_encoding() is more reliable to use if you want to support different platforms. However, if you use iconv() on Linux (for example), then it supports a lot more encodings (see iconv --list).

The relative performance of the functions also depends on the specific iconv() implementation, obviously.