string - How can I count overlapping substrings in Perl?

Question

i need to implement a program to count the occurrence of a substring in a string in perl. i have implemented it as follows

sub countnmstr
{
  $count =0;
  $count++ while $_[0] =~ /$_[1]/g;
  return $count;
}

$count = countnmstr("aaa","aa");

print "$count
";

now this is what i would normally do. however, in the implementation above i want to count occurrence of 'aa' in 'aaa'. here i get answer as 1 which seems reasonable but i need to consider the overlapping cases as well. hence the above case should give an answer as 2 since there are two 'aa's if we consider overlap.

can anyone suggest how to implement such a function??

Answer 1

Everyone is getting pretty complicated in their answers (d'oh! daotoad should have made his comment an answer!), perhaps because they are afraid of the goatse operator. I didn't name it, that's just what people call it. It uses the trick that the result of a list assignment is the number of elements in the righthand list.

The Perl idiom for counting matches is then:

 my $count = () = $_[0] =~ /($pattern)/g;

The goatse part is the = () =, which is an empty list in the middle of two assignments. The lefthand part of the goatse gets the count from the righthand side of the goatse. Note the you need a capture in the pattern because that's the list the match operator will return in list context.

Now, the next trick in your case is that you really want a positive lookbehind (or lookahead maybe). The lookarounds don't consume characters, so you don't need to keep track of the position:

 my $count = () = 'aaa' =~ /((?<=a)a)/g;

Your aaa is just an example. If you have a variable-width pattern, you have to use a lookahead. Lookbehinds in Perl have to be fixed width.