You can do this in a single statement. You're not really creating a statement with 200+ REPLACEs are you?!
update tbl
set S = U.clean
from tbl
cross apply
(
select Substring(tbl.S,v.number,1)
-- this table will cater for strings up to length 2047
from master..spt_values v
where v.type='P' and v.number between 1 and len(tbl.S)
and Substring(tbl.S,v.number,1) like '[0-9]'
order by v.number
for xml path ('')
) U(clean)
Working SQL Fiddle showing this query with sample data
Replicated below for posterity:
create table tbl (ID int identity, S varchar(500))
insert tbl select 'asdlfj;390312hr9fasd9uhf012 3or h239ur ' + char(13) + 'asdfasf'
insert tbl select '123'
insert tbl select ''
insert tbl select null
insert tbl select '123 a 124'
Results
ID S
1 390312990123239
2 123
3 (null)
4 (null)
5 123124
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