1) Yes it can. It can be created as an XML file. In fact, you can open and edit an unsigned .mobileconfig
file in a text editor and edit the fields. Keep in mind that if it's signed then any edits to the file will require you to re-sign it.
2) Apple will allow an app that downloads and installs a .mobileconfig via Safari, I've seen one on the App Store that does this.
3) Safari + Mail are the only ways to open them(on iOS).
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