Using Local Storage will probably be easiest for your needs.
Fundamentally speaking PhoneGap apps are native apps (so they can be distributed through app stores) that simply run a web page or pages. The PhoneGap API then provides JavaScript hooks into the device functions like camera etc. Theres more to it but for now thats the background.
So since the app is essentially a web page (HTML5, CSS, JS) you can make use of LocalStorage (part of HTML5).
Example local storage usage:
Setting values:
localStorage.myname = "Greg";
Getting values:
localStorage.myname; // returns "Greg"
More information here for local storage: http://diveintohtml5.info/storage.html
For Windows Phone 7 : http://docs.phonegap.com/en/3.4.0/cordova_storage_storage.md.html#Storage
The syntax is as below
localStorage.setItem("name", "Alen");
localStorage.getItem("name"); //will return Alen
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