photo - Multiple clipping areas on Fabric.js canvas

Question

For making Photo Collage Maker, I use fabric js which has an object-based clipping feature. This feature is great but the image inside that clipping region cannot be scaled, moved or rotated. I want a fixed position clipping region and the image can be positioned inside the fixed clipping area as the user want.

I googled and find very near solution.

var canvas = new fabric.Canvas('c');
var ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.rect(10,10,150,150);
ctx.rect(180,10,200,200);
ctx.closePath();
ctx.stroke();
ctx.clip();

Multiple Clipping Areas on fabric js canvas

where the image of one clipping region has appeared in another clipping region. How can I avoid this or is there another way of accomplishing this using fabric js.

Answer 1

This can be accomplished with Fabric using the clipTo property, but you have to 'reverse' the transformations (scale and rotation), in the clipTo function.

When you use the clipTo property in Fabric, the scaling and rotation are applied after the clipping, which means that the clipping is scaled and rotated with the image. You have to counter this by applying the exact reverse of the transformations in the clipTo property function.

My solution involves having a Fabric.Rect serve as the 'placeholder' for the clip region (this has advantages because you can use Fabric to move the object around and thus the clip region.

Please note that my solution uses the Lo-Dash utility library, particularly for _.bind() (see code for context).

Example Fiddle

---

Breakdown

1. Initialize Fabric

First, we want our canvas, of course:

var canvas = new fabric.Canvas('c');

2. Clip Region

var clipRect1 = new fabric.Rect({
    originX: 'left',
    originY: 'top',
    left: 180,
    top: 10,
    width: 200,
    height: 200,
    fill: 'none',
    stroke: 'black',
    strokeWidth: 2,
    selectable: false
});

We give these Rect objects a name property, clipFor, so the clipTo functions can find the one by which they want to be clipped:

clipRect1.set({
    clipFor: 'pug'
});
canvas.add(clipRect1);

There doesn't have to be an actual object for the clip region, but it makes it easier to manage, as you're able to move it around using Fabric.

3. Clipping Function

We define the function which will be used by the images' clipTo properties separately to avoid code duplication:

Since the angle property of the Image object is stored in degrees, we'll use this to convert it to radians.

function degToRad(degrees) {
    return degrees * (Math.PI / 180);
}

findByClipName() is a convenience function, which is using Lo-Dash, to find the with the clipFor property for the Image object to be clipped (for example, in the image below, name will be 'pug'):

function findByClipName(name) {
    return _(canvas.getObjects()).where({
            clipFor: name
        }).first()
}

And this is the part that does the work:

var clipByName = function (ctx) {
    var clipRect = findByClipName(this.clipName);
    var scaleXTo1 = (1 / this.scaleX);
    var scaleYTo1 = (1 / this.scaleY);
    ctx.save();
    ctx.translate(0,0);
    ctx.rotate(degToRad(this.angle * -1));
    ctx.scale(scaleXTo1, scaleYTo1);
    ctx.beginPath();
    ctx.rect(
        clipRect.left - this.left,
        clipRect.top - this.top,
        clipRect.width,
        clipRect.height
    );
    ctx.closePath();
    ctx.restore();
}

NOTE: See below for an explanation of the use of this in the function above.

4. fabric.Image object using clipByName()

Finally, the image can be instantiated and made to use the clipByName function like this:

var pugImg = new Image();
pugImg.onload = function (img) {    
    var pug = new fabric.Image(pugImg, {
        angle: 45,
        width: 500,
        height: 500,
        left: 230,
        top: 170,
        scaleX: 0.3,
        scaleY: 0.3,
        clipName: 'pug',
        clipTo: function(ctx) { 
            return _.bind(clipByName, pug)(ctx) 
        }
    });
    canvas.add(pug);
};
pugImg.src = 'https://fabricjs.com/lib/pug.jpg';

What does _.bind() do?

Note that the reference is wrapped in the _.bind() function.

I'm using _.bind() for the following two reasons:

1. We need to pass a reference Image object to clipByName()
2. The clipTo property is passed the canvas context, not the object.

Basically, _.bind() lets you create a version of the function that uses the object you specify as the this context.

Sources

1. https://lodash.com/docs#bind
2. https://fabricjs.com/docs/fabric.Object.html#clipTo
3. https://html5.litten.com/understanding-save-and-restore-for-the-canvas-context/